Effects of aging and target location on reaction time and accuracy of lateral precision stepping during walking.
Effects of aging and target location on reaction time and accuracy of lateral precision stepping during walking.
复制标题
老化和目标位置对步行过程中横向精确步进的反应时间和准确性的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109710
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Franz,JasonR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Selgrade,BrianP;Childs,MarcusE;Franz,JasonR
老年人的横向平衡能力较差，步进精度也有缺陷，但这些缺陷在横向步距方面的表现尚不清楚。本研究的目的是研究老化对跑步机行走过程中对近处和远处的足部放置目标的反应的横向精确步进性能的影响。我们假设老年人会比年轻人更晚、更不准确地到达目标，而且对于远处的目标，这种差异会更加明显。在研究过程中，年轻人和老年人在瞄准目标之前迈出一步踩在跑步机表面投射的横向目标上。我们测量了迈向目标的准确度、摆动脚偏离正常摆动轨迹的时间以及摆动阶段臀中肌活动。两组在接近目标时的表现相似，这表明让老年受试者大跨步对目标位置做出反应可以减轻视觉运动处理延迟，而视觉运动处理延迟是导致先前研究中步进表现缺陷的原因。然而，当迈向远处的目标时，老年人比年轻人有更大的错误和更晚的发散时间。这表明，除了视觉运动处理方面的缺陷之外，与年龄相关的缺陷也会导致更困难的迈步任务的表现较差。此外，虽然年轻人随着横向目标距离增加了早期摆动臀中肌的活动，但老年人却没有。这是第一项显示老年人精确步进缺陷的潜在神经肌肉基础的研究。
Older adults have poorer lateral balance and deficits in precision stepping accuracy, but the way these deficits manifest with lateral step distance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate aging effects on lateral precision stepping performance in reaction to near and distant foot placement targets during treadmill walking. We hypothesized that older adults would step to targets later and less accurately than young adults, and that these difference would be more pronounced for distant targets. During the study, young and older adults stepped on lateral targets projected onto the surface of a treadmill one stride prior to their targeting step. We measured stepping accuracy to the target, the time when the swing foot diverged from its normal swing trajectory, and swing phase gluteus medius activity. Both groups had similar performance stepping to near targets, suggesting that giving older subjects a full stride to react to target location mitigates visuomotor processing delays that have contributed to deficits in stepping performance in prior studies. However, when stepping to distant targets, older adults had larger errors and later divergence times than young adults. This suggests that age-related deficits other than those in visuomotor processing contribute to poorer performance for more difficult stepping tasks. Furthermore, while young adults increased early swing gluteus medius activity with lateral target distance, older adults did not. This is the first study to show a potential neuromuscular basis for precision stepping deficits in older adults.