The Cross-Talk between Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immunity.
The Cross-Talk between Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immunity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00310
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kelesidis T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kelesidis T
梅毒、莱姆病和钩端螺旋体病等螺旋体病是公共卫生的主要威胁。然而，这些疾病的免疫发病机制尚未完全阐明。螺旋体通过各种结构组分如脂多糖（LPS）、表面脂蛋白和糖脂与宿主相互作用。虽然螺旋体抗原如LPS和糖脂可能有助于螺旋体感染期间的炎症反应，但螺旋体如梅毒螺旋体和伯氏疏螺旋体缺乏LPS。脂蛋白是在所有螺旋体中表达的最丰富的蛋白质，并且通常决定螺旋体如何与其环境相互作用。脂蛋白是促炎性的，可以调节先天性和适应性免疫的反应，并使螺旋体能够粘附到宿主或蜱中肠或逃避免疫系统。然而，大多数螺旋体脂蛋白的功能尚不清楚。在此，螺旋体脂蛋白的免疫调节作用进行了审查，并分为两个主要类别：与免疫逃避和免疫激活相关的影响。了解脂蛋白诱导的免疫调节将有助于阐明先天免疫发病过程和随后的适应性机制可能相关的螺旋体疾病疫苗的发展和与螺旋体疾病相关的炎症事件。
Spirochetal diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis are major threats to public health. However, the immunopathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully elucidated. Spirochetes interact with the host through various structural components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), surface lipoproteins, and glycolipids. Although spirochetal antigens such as LPS and glycolipids may contribute to the inflammatory response during spirochetal infections, spirochetes such as Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lack LPS. Lipoproteins are most abundant proteins that are expressed in all spirochetes and often determine how spirochetes interact with their environment. Lipoproteins are pro-inflammatory, may regulate responses from both innate and adaptive immunity and enable the spirochetes to adhere to the host or the tick midgut or to evade the immune system. However, most of the spirochetal lipoproteins have unknown function. Herein, the immunomodulatory effects of spirochetal lipoproteins are reviewed and are grouped into two main categories: effects related to immune evasion and effects related to immune activation. Understanding lipoprotein-induced immunomodulation will aid in elucidating innate immunopathogenesis processes and subsequent adaptive mechanisms potentially relevant to spirochetal disease vaccine development and to inflammatory events associated with spirochetal diseases.