The sensations of everyday life: Empirical, theoretical, and pragmatic considerations
The sensations of everyday life: Empirical, theoretical, and pragmatic considerations
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DOI：
10.5014/ajot.55.6.608
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Dunn, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunn, W
作为人的体验植根于日常生活的感官事件中。这堂课回顾了感觉处理的文献，包括神经科学和社会科学的观点。介绍了邓恩的感觉加工模型，并具体总结了支持该模型的证据，使用感觉轮廓问卷(即描述对日常生活中感觉事件的反应的项目，人标记每种行为的频率)，出生到90岁的人表现出四种感觉加工模式：感觉寻求、感觉回避、感觉敏感和低注册。这些模式是基于一个人的神经阈值和自我调节策略。心理生理学研究证实了这些感觉处理模式；在每种模式中有强烈偏好的人也有独特的习惯化和皮肤电导响应性模式。研究还表明，残疾人在这些问卷上的反应与同龄人不同，这表明某些障碍的感觉加工能力低下，包括自闭症、注意缺陷多动障碍、发育迟缓和精神分裂症。作者提出了感觉加工与气质和人格特征之间的关系。这四类气质与邓恩模型中描述的四种感觉加工模式有一定的一致性。与气质一样，每个人在每个感觉加工偏好中都有一定程度的反应(即一定程度的寻求、回避等，而不是其中之一)。作者认为，一个人的感觉加工偏好同时反映了他或她的神经系统需要，并构成了气质和个性表现的基础。本课程的最后一节概述了基于这些知识制定支持干预措施的最佳实践的参数。
The experience of being human is embedded in sensory events Of everyday life. This lecture reviews sensory processing literature, including neuroscience and social science perspectives. Introduced is Dunn's Model of Sensory Processing, and the evidence supporting this model is summarized Specifically, using Sensory Profile questionnaires (i.e., items describing responses to sensory events in daily life, persons mark the frequency of each behavior), persons birth to 90 years of age demonstrate four sensory processing patterns: sensory seeking, sensory avoiding, sensory sensitivity, and low registration. These patterns are based on a person's neurological thresholds and self-regulation strategies. Psychophysiology studies verify these sensory processing patterns; persons with strong preferences in each pattern also have unique patterns of habituation and responsivity in skin conductance. Studies also indicate that persons with disabilities respond differently than peers on these questionnaires, suggesting underlying poor sensory processing in certain disorders, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, and schizophrenia.The author proposes relationships between sensory processing and temperament and personality traits. The four categories of temperament share some consistency with the four sensory processing patterns described in Dunn model. As with temperament, each person has some level of responsiveness within each sensory processing preference (i.e., a certain amount of seeking, avoiding, etc., not one or the other). The author suggests that ones sensory processing preferences simultaneously reflect his or her nervous system needs and form the basis for the manifestation of temperament and personality. The final section of this lecture outlines parameters for developing best practice that supports interventions based on this knowledge.