Pathology of oligodendroglia: An overview.
Pathology of oligodendroglia: An overview.
复制标题
少突神经胶质细胞的病理学：概述。
DOI：
10.1111/neup.12389
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Komori T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
鈴木良雄;櫻庭景植;藤田真平,中西唯公;高谷真由美;櫻井しのぶ.;Komori T.;Komori T.
少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中负责为轴突产生髓鞘的细胞。然而，由于缺乏足够的方法来表征影响人体组织中少突胶质细胞的病理条件，除脱髓鞘外，少突胶质细胞的病理尚不清楚。本文讨论了三个主要的主题，目的是澄清一些争议的研究少突胶质细胞。少突胶质细胞瘤是一种相对惰性的弥漫性胶质瘤，被认为起源于少突胶质细胞，在电子显微镜下从未显示髓磷脂形成，也未显示髓磷脂相关蛋白的恒定表达。相反，少突胶质细胞瘤与少突胶质细胞祖细胞（OPCs）共享一种免疫表型。另一种类似于OPCs的细胞类型是少突胶质细胞样细胞（OLCs），出现在许多类型的低级别肿瘤和局灶性皮质发育不良中。在神经退行性疾病中，少突胶质细胞可能是tau等蛋白质异常聚集的靶标。进行性核上性麻痹和皮质基底生成的Tau阳性少突胶质包涵体在形态、超微结构和生化上都存在差异，这表明尽管临床表现有显著的重叠，但潜在的病理过程不同。为了促进少突胶质细胞的研究，迫切需要新的检测OLCsin的方法。
Oligodendroglia are cells responsible for creating myelin sheaths for axons in the CNS. However, pathologies of oligodendroglia other than demyelination are not well understood due to the lack of adequate methods of characterizing pathological conditions affecting oligodendroglia in human tissue. This review discusses three major topics with the aim of clarifying some of the controversies in the study of oligodendroglia. The oligodendroglioma, a relatively indolent form of diffuse gliomas thought to originate in oligodendrocytes, has never demonstrated myelin formation on electron microscopy nor shown a constant expression of myelin‐related proteins. Oligodendrogliomas instead share an immune phenotype with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Another type of cell that resembles OPCs are oligodendroglia‐like cells (OLCs), which occur in many types of low‐grade tumors and focal cortical dysplasia. In neurodegenerative disorders, oligodendroglia can be a target of abnormal aggregations of proteins such as tau. Tau‐positive oligodendroglial inclusions in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal generation differ from each other morphologically, ultrastructurally and biochemically, suggesting disparate underlying pathological processes despite significant overlapping of the clinical manifestations. To promote the study of oligodendroglia, novel methods for detecting OLCsin situare urgently required.