Mood and the False Memory Effect
Mood and the False Memory Effect
复制标题
情绪和错误记忆效应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Clore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Justin Storbeck;G. Clore
迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特模式诱使人们产生错误的记忆。两个实验检验了诱导的积极或消极情绪是否会影响这种错误记忆效应。情感即信息假说预测，一方面，作为任务相关反馈的积极情感线索在编码过程中促进了关系加工，从而增强了错误记忆效应。另一方面，消极的情感线索被假设鼓励特定项目的编码加工，这应该阻止这种影响。实验1的结果与这些预测一致：处于消极情绪的个体比处于积极情绪或情绪未被操纵的个体更不容易出现错误记忆效应。实验二引入包含指令，考察情绪对记忆的编码和提取是否有影响。实验结果重复了实验1的错误记忆发现，并提供了证据，表明情绪影响诱饵在编码时的可及性，而不是影响诱饵是否实际存在时的提取监测。情感有时会增强，有时会削弱表现和记忆（Gray, 2001; Gray, Braver, & Raichle, 2002; Packard, Cahill, & McGaugh, 1994）。例如，虽然极端的情绪压力会损害记忆（Packard et al., 1994；另见McIntyre， Power, Roozendaal, & McGaugh, 2003），但McGaugh和他的同事（Packard et al., 1994; McIntyre et al., 2003）已经表明，适度的情绪压力可以改善学习如何使用位置线索在迷宫中导航。同样，Gray（2001）发现消极情绪会提高空间任务的表现，但会损害语言任务的表现。相反，他发现积极的情绪可以提高口头任务的表现，但会损害空间任务的表现。这些对积极情绪的影响与Isen及其同事的研究结果一致，即积极情绪能提高言语联想任务中的创造力（Isen, 1987）。我们在此报告的研究目的是使用非常流行的迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）范式来调查情感状态如何影响错误记忆效应。
TheDeese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm lures people to produce false memories. Two experiments examined whether induced positive or negative moods would influence this false memory effect. The affect-as-information hypothesis predicts that, on the one hand, positive affective cues experienced as task-relevant feedback encourage relational processing during encoding, which should enhance false memory effects. On the other hand, negative affective cues are hypothesized to encourage item-specific processing at encoding, which should discourage such effects. The results of Experiment 1 are consistent with these predictions: Individuals in negative moods were significantly less likely to show false memory effects than those in positive moods or those whose mood was not manipulated. Experiment 2 introduced inclusion instructions to investigate whether moods had their effects at encoding or retrieval. The results replicated the false memory finding of Experiment 1 and provide evidence that moods influence the accessibility of lures at encoding, rather than influencing monitoring at retrieval of whether lures were actually presented. Affect can sometimes enhance and sometimes impair performance and memory (Gray, 2001; Gray, Braver, & Raichle, 2002; Packard, Cahill, & McGaugh, 1994). For instance, although extreme emotional stress can impair memory (Packard et al., 1994; see also McIntyre, Power, Roozendaal, & McGaugh, 2003), McGaugh and his colleagues (Packard et al., 1994; McIntyre et al., 2003) have shown that moderate emotional stress improves learning how to navigate a maze using place cues. Similarly, Gray (2001) found that negative moods enhanced performance on spatial tasks, but impaired performance on verbal tasks. Conversely, he found that positive moods can enhance performance on verbal tasks, but impair performance on spatial tasks. These effects for positive mood are consistent with those of Isen and her colleagues showing that positive moods enhance creativity on verbal association tasks (Isen, 1987). The goal of the research we report here was to investigate how affective states might influence false memory effects using the highly popular Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.18.8477
发表时间：
1994-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
PACKARD, MG;CAHILL, L;MCGAUGH, JL
通讯作者：
MCGAUGH, JL