Sequestration of carbon by soil
Sequestration of carbon by soil
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DOI：
10.1097/00010694-200111000-00010
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Swift, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Swift, RS
土壤碳是陆地碳循环的重要组成部分。世界土壤中的碳含量比植被和大气中的碳含量总和还要多。因此，土壤是碳的主要储存库和重要的汇。由于碳在土壤中停留的时间相对较长，因此被大气截留，因此通常被称为被隔离。提高土壤固碳能力提供了一种部分的中期对策，有助于缓解化石燃料燃烧和土地清理造成的大气中二氧化碳含量增加。这种行动还将有助于减轻大气中二氧化碳含量增加对环境造成的影响。任何土壤的固碳潜力取决于其在中期储存抗性植物成分的能力，以及保护和积累土壤环境中有机物质转化形成的腐殖物质（HS）的能力。土壤的固碳潜力取决于它所支持的植被、矿物成分、土壤深度、土壤排水、水和空气的供应以及土壤环境的温度。固碳潜力还取决于土壤有机质的化学特性及其抵抗微生物分解的能力。当这些功能的准确信息被纳入模型系统，不同的土壤固碳的潜力可以可靠地预测。令人鼓舞的是，改进的土壤和作物管理系统现在可以保持田间产量，增加土壤碳储量，即使是土壤碳含量耗尽的土壤。土壤固碳潜力的估计进行了讨论。不可避免地，HS是额外螯合的C的主要成分。如果我们能够合理准确地预测任何土壤类型在不同种植和土壤管理系统中固碳的能力，那么更多地了解这些物质在土壤中的组成和联系将是非常重要的。
Soil carbon is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The soils of the world contain more carbon than the combined total amounts occurring in vegetation and the atmosphere. Consequently, soils are a major reservoir of carbon and an important sink. Because of the relatively long period of time that carbon spends within the soil and is thereby withheld from the atmosphere, it is often referred to as being sequestered. Increasing the capacity of soils to sequester C provides a partial, medium-term countermeasure to help ameliorate the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere arising from fossil fuel burning and land clearing. Such action will also help to alleviate the environmental impacts arising from increasing levels of atmospheric CO2. The C sequestration potential of any soil depends on its capacity to store resistant plant components in the medium term and to protect and accumulate the humic substances (HS) formed from the transformations or organic materials in the soil environment. The sequestration potential of a soil depends on the vegetation it supports, its mineralogical composition, the depth of the solum, soil drainage, the availability of water and air, and the temperature of the soil environment. The sequestration potential also depends on the chemical characteristics of the soil organic matter and its ability to resist microbial decomposition. When accurate information for these features is incorporated in model systems, the potentials of different soils to sequester C can be reliably predicted. It is encouraging to know that improved soil and crop management systems now allow field yields to be maintained and soil C reserves to be increased, even for soils with depleted levels of soil C. Estimates of the soil C sequestration potential are discussed. Inevitably HS are the major components of the additionally sequestered C. It will be important to know more about the compositions and associations of these substances in the soil if we are able to predict reasonably accurately the ability of any soil type to sequester C in different cropping and soil management systems.