Constraints on Water Reservoir Lifetimes From Catchment‐Wide 10Be Erosion Rates—A Case Study From Western Turkey

Constraints on Water Reservoir Lifetimes From Catchment‐Wide 10Be Erosion Rates—A Case Study From Western Turkey
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流域范围内 10Be 侵蚀率对水库寿命的限制 - 土耳其西部案例研究

DOI:
10.1002/2017wr020594
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Christl
Christl
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heineke;Hetzel;Christl

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水库的功能和蓄水能力通常会受到上游侵蚀和水库沉积的损害,因此对侵蚀进行可靠的评估对于估计水库寿命是必不可少的。广泛使用的河流测量方法可能会低估产沙量,因为它们没有记录罕见的高强度事件,并且可能会低估推移质输沙。因此,根据短期侵蚀速率计算的储层寿命应视为最大值。我们建议,宇宙成因10 Be的侵蚀速率,通常在数百至数千年的时间内积分,可用于补充短期产沙量估计,并应用于估计最小水库寿命。在这里,我们提出了10 Be的侵蚀率在土耳其西部,这是位于一个构造活跃的地区,容易侵蚀基岩的6个水库的流域。我们对这些集水区的10 Be侵蚀率很高,从170到1,040吨/平方公里/年不等。当与储液器容量相关联时,它们产生的最小储液器寿命在25 ± 5年和1,650 ± 360年之间,直到完全填充,其中四个储液器的最小寿命≤110年。在具有更大抵抗力的基岩和更少构造活动的邻近地区,我们获得了更低的全流域10 Be侵蚀速率,为1033至1095吨/平方公里/年,说明岩性和构造边界条件的差异即使在仅1050公里的空间尺度上也会导致侵蚀的显著变化。总之,我们建议短期的产沙量估计和10 Be侵蚀率应用来预测水库的寿命。
The functionality and retention capacity of water reservoirs is generally impaired by upstream erosion and reservoir sedimentation, making a reliable assessment of erosion indispensable to estimate reservoir lifetimes. Widely used river gauging methods may underestimate sediment yield, because they do not record rare, high‐magnitude events and may underestimate bed load transport. Hence, reservoir lifetimes calculated from short‐term erosion rates should be regarded as maximum values. We propose that erosion rates from cosmogenic10Be, which commonly integrate over hundreds to thousands of years, are useful to complement short‐term sediment yield estimates and should be employed to estimate minimum reservoir lifetimes. Here we present10Be erosion rates for the drainage basins of six water reservoirs in Western Turkey, which are located in a tectonically active region with easily erodible bedrock. Our10Be erosion rates for these catchments are high, ranging from ∼170 to ∼1,040 t/km2/yr. When linked to reservoir volumes, they yield minimum reservoir lifetimes between 25 ± 5 and 1,650 ± 360 years until complete filling, with four reservoirs having minimum lifespans of ≤110 years. In a neighboring region with more resistant bedrock and less tectonic activity, we obtain much lower catchment‐wide10Be erosion rates of ∼33 to ∼95 t/km2/yr, illustrating that differences in lithology and tectonic boundary conditions can cause substantial variations in erosion even at a spatial scale of only ∼50 km. In conclusion, we suggest that both short‐term sediment yield estimates and10Be erosion rates should be employed to predict the lifetimes of reservoirs.
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