Fishermen Herders: Subsistence, Survival and Cultural Change in Northern Kenya
Fishermen Herders: Subsistence, Survival and Cultural Change in Northern Kenya
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渔民牧民：肯尼亚北部的生存、生存和文化变迁
DOI：
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Sobania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Sobania
本文探讨了渔猎和采集群体在游牧社会生存战略中发挥的独特作用。在极端逆境时期，这些群体充当赤贫牧民及其家庭的避难所，在困难时期吸收人口，在条件再次允许积累牲畜时，让个人返回畜牧业。大量引用肯尼亚北方图尔卡纳湖地区人民的历史传统，详细介绍了两个这样的渔业社区，埃尔莫罗和戴斯的近代历史，后者是Dasenech社会中的一个渔业群体。十九世纪末导致东非牛群大量死亡的动物流行病是研究埃尔莫洛人和迪斯人与其游牧邻居桑布鲁人和伦迪勒人的互动以及这一时期发起的文化变革的背景。随后的变化开始实行殖民统治的文件和Elmolo被证明是一个'垂死的部落'的意义上说，他们的社会的传统文化特征正在让位于一个更田园生活的基础上，他们的放牧邻居。
This article examines the unique role played by fishing, hunting and gathering groups in the survival strategy of the pastoralist societies in whose midst they live. During periods of extreme adversity, these groups acted as a refuge for destitute herdsmen and their households by absorbing population in periods of hardship and releasing individuals back into pastoralism when conditions once again allowed the accumulation of stock. Extensive quotations from the historical traditions of the peoples of the Lake Turkana region of northern Kenya are used to detail the recent history of two such fishing communities, the Elmolo and the Dies, the latter being a fishing group within Dasenech society. The epizootics that decimated the cattle herds of East Africa at the end of the nineteenth century are background for examining the interactions of the Elmolo and Dies with their pastoralist neighbours, the Samburu and Rendille, and the cultural changes initiated during this period. The subsequent changes inaugurated by the imposition of colonial rule are documented and the Elmolo are shown to be a ‘dying tribe’ in the sense that the traditional cultural features of their society are giving way to a more pastoral existence based on that of their herding neighbours.