Kanehiro Takaki and the control of beriberi in the Japanese Navy
Kanehiro Takaki and the control of beriberi in the Japanese Navy
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DOI：
10.1177/0141076813497889
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
Y. Sugiyama;Akihiro Seita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Sugiyama;Akihiro Seita
高木兼弘（1849-1920）是19世纪末20世纪初日本海军军医。当时，脚气病--一种令人恐惧且往往致命的疾病--在整个日本和许多东南亚国家流行。1，2 Takaki使用流行病学方法--当时在日本并不熟悉--来研究这种疾病。他指出，这是由营养缺乏引起的，并演示了如何预防和治疗。Takaki的研究导致日本海军根除了这种疾病，这比脚气病的具体原因被证明是缺乏维生素B1早了30多年。除了他的流行病学研究，高木努力促进我们今天所说的“以病人为中心”的医学。1881年，他创立了Sei-I-Kwai Koshujo（Sei-I-Kwai医疗培训学校），不仅传授医学知识和技能，而且还教导学生同情患者，这一方法一直延续到今天的慈惠大学医学院。第二年，高木创立了一家慈善医院--Yushi Kyoritsu Tokyo Byoin --为穷人服务，这就是今天的慈惠大学医院的前身。认识到护士在良好医疗保健中的关键作用，Takaki还创办了日本第一所护士学校-Kangofu Kyoyu-jo（现在的Jikei护士培训学校）。
Kanehiro Takaki (1849–1920) was a Japanese naval medical officer at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. At that time, beriberi – a feared and often fatal disease – was prevalent throughout Japan and in many Southeast Asian countries.1,2 Takaki used an epidemiological approach – which was then unfamiliar in Japan – to study the disease. He showed that it was caused by a nutritional deficiency and demonstrated how it could be prevented and treated. Takaki’s research led to the eradication of the disease in the Japanese Navy more than 30 years before the specific cause of beriberi was shown to be a deficiency of vitamin B1. Apart from his epidemiological research, Takaki worked hard to promote what we would today call ‘patient-centred’ medicine. In 1881, he founded the Sei-I-Kwai Koshujo (the Sei-I-Kwai Medical Training School), not only to impart medical knowledge and skills but also to teach students to empathize with patients, an approach continued to this day in the Jikei University School of Medicine. The following year Takaki founded a charitable hospital – the Yushi Kyoritsu Tokyo Byoin – to serve the poor, and this was the predecessor of today’s Jikei University Hospital. Recognizing the key role played by nurses in good healthcare, Takaki also founded the first nursing school in Japan – the Kangofu Kyoiku-jo (now the Jikei Training School for Nurses).