Reconstructing the level of the central Red Sea evaporites at the end of the Miocene

Reconstructing the level of the central Red Sea evaporites at the end of the Miocene
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重建中新世末红海中部蒸发岩的水平

DOI:
10.1111/bre.12513
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Mitchell N
Mitchell N
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mitchell N

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重建中生代及更老的“盐巨人”的原始沉积水平可以揭示它们的盆地是否被填满至全球海平面,但由于溶蚀作用、底辟作用和经过的时间太长,使其变得复杂。这在红海就不是什么问题了,红海是一个年轻的裂谷盆地,正在向海洋盆地过渡,远离海岸边缘的蒸发物受底辟作用的影响较小。在这项研究中,我们探索了在大多数蒸发岩沉积结束于5.3 Ma(中新世-上新世边界)之后的一段时间里,用深地震剖面成像的红海中部蒸发岩表面的垂直运动。这一边界很容易在整个盆地中被绘制出来,作为与三个DSDP站点的地层学相关的地震数据的突出反映。我们量化了蒸发岩表面平均海拔的变化,原因包括:(a)岩石圈热沉降,(b)上新世-更新世沉积物和水的均衡加载,(c)蒸发岩溢出5.3 Ma洋壳所需的通货膨胀,(d)溶蚀造成的岩盐损失,以及(e)动态地形。我们对蒸发物水平的最佳估计(- 132米空气负载或- 192米水负载)位于中新世末估计的全球海平面范围以下,表明盆地仍然处于低填充状态。如果中新世末期(Zeit组)存在的浅水条件的地质解释是正确的,这意味着红海的水位下降并且不稳定。这些计算表明,蒸发岩的扩张如何增强热沉降,从而导致主要蒸发岩体上方的可容纳空间迅速发展,而在红海的情况下,这些空间在很大程度上仍未被填满。
Reconstructing the original depositional level of the Mesozoic and older c‘salt giants’ can reveal if their basins became filled to global sea level, but is complicated by dissolution, diapirism and because the time elapsed is so great. This is less of a problem in the Red Sea, a young rift basin that is transitioning to an ocean basin and where the evaporites away from coastal fringes are less affected by diapirism. In this study, we explore vertical movements of the evaporite surface of the central Red Sea imaged with deep seismic profiling, for the period of time after most evaporite deposition ended at 5.3 Ma (the Miocene‐Pliocene boundary). This boundary is readily mapped across the basin as a prominent reflection in seismic data correlated with stratigraphy at three DSDP sites. We quantify changes in the average elevation of the evaporite surface due to (a) thermal lithospheric subsidence, (b) isostatic loading by Plio‐Pleistocene sediments and water, (c) deflation needed to balance the volume of evaporites overflowing oceanic crust of 5.3 Ma age, (d) loss of halite by dissolution and (e) dynamic topography. Our best estimate of the evaporite level (−132 m air‐loaded or −192 m water‐loaded) lies below the range of estimated global sea level towards the end of the Miocene, suggesting that the basin remained under‐filled. If geological interpretations of shallow water conditions existing at the end of the Miocene (Zeit Formation) are correct, this implies that the water level of the Red Sea declined and was unstable. These calculations illustrate how spreading of evaporites can enhance thermal subsidence to cause rapid development of accommodation space above major evaporite bodies, which in the Red Sea case has remained largely unfilled.
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