FREE, INDENTURED, ENSLAVED - CHINESE PROSTITUTES IN 19TH-CENTURY AMERICA
FREE, INDENTURED, ENSLAVED - CHINESE PROSTITUTES IN 19TH-CENTURY AMERICA
复制标题
作者：
HIRATA, LC
在迅速工业化的社会中，卖淫具有双重经济功能。它有助于维持单身年轻男性的劳动力，这符合资本家的利益，否则他们将不得不向需要养家糊口的劳动者支付更高的工资。此外，卖淫使企业家能够从受其控制的妇女的工作中获取大量利润，从而积累大量资本用于其他投资。此外，在多种族地区，少数民族或殖民地群体也可以自己提供廉价劳动力。19世纪美国西部的中国妓女以自由人、奴隶和契约工人的身份履行了这三种职能。在正式废除黑人奴隶制之后，资本主义生产方式在19世纪的美国占主导地位。然而，奴隶制的各个方面在不同程度上仍然存在于少数民族中，例如，在合同工和加州的中国妓女中。美国边境上的白色卖淫业迅速从前资本主义的组织形式转变为一种以老鸨和妓女之间的伙伴关系或雇主和妓女之间的关系为特征的组织形式。
In societies undergoing rapid industrialization, prostitution serves a double economic function. It helps to maintain the labor force of single young men, which is in the interest of the capitalists who would otherwise have to pay higher wages to laborers with families to support. In addition, prostitution enables entrepreneurs to extract large profits from the work of women under their control and thus accumulate considerable capital for other investments. Further, in multiracial areas, prostitutesof minority or colonized groups can also provide cheap labor themselves. Chinese prostitutes in the nineteenth-century American West performed all three functions as free agents and as enslaved and indentured workers.After the formal abolition of black slavery, the capitalist mode of production predominatedin nineteenth-century America. However, aspectsof slavery persisted in varying degrees among racial minorities, for example, in contract labor and in Chinese prostitution in California. White prostitution on the American frontier quickly moved from a precapitalistform of organization to one characterized by either a partnership between madam and prostitutes or a relationshipof employer and