Apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain (ARC) restrains Bax-mediated pathogenesis in dystrophic skeletal muscle.

Apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain (ARC) restrains Bax-mediated pathogenesis in dystrophic skeletal muscle.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0082053
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Molkentin JD
Molkentin JD
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davis J;Kwong JQ;Kitsis RN;Molkentin JD

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尽管有报道在营养不良性肌肉中发现了细胞凋亡标记物,但肌营养不良症中的肌纤维消耗很大程度上归因于坏死性细胞死亡。在这里,我们着手通过在营养不良小鼠模型中基因删除已知的细胞凋亡抑制剂(具有卡结构域(Arc)的细胞凋亡抑制因子)来确定典型的细胞凋亡途径对肌营养不良症骨骼肌变性的贡献。与单一营养不良同窝对照相比,营养不良 Sgcd 或 Lama2 无效背景中的 Nol3(Arc 蛋白)基因缺失显示骨骼肌病理加剧,肌肉性能下降。与 Nol3 缺失相关的营养不良表型的严重程度增强与半胱天冬酶无关,但依赖于线粒体通透性转换孔 (MPTP),因为抑制剂 Debio-025 部分挽救了 Nol3 -/- Sgcd -/- 双靶向小鼠的骨骼肌病理。从机制上讲,Nol3 -/- Sgcd -/- 小鼠表现出总和线粒体 Bax 蛋白水平升高,以及更大的线粒体肿胀,表明 Arc 通常抑制骨骼肌中 Bax 的细胞死亡作用。事实上,敲低小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中的 Arc 会导致细胞死亡敏感性增加,而这种敏感性在 Bax Bak1(编码 Bax 和 Bak 的基因)双无效成纤维细胞中被完全阻断。因此,由于 Bax 介导的线粒体依赖性死亡机制的敏化,营养不良性肌肉中的 Arc 缺陷会加剧疾病的发病机制。
Myofiber wasting in muscular dystrophy has largely been ascribed to necrotic cell death, despite reports identifying apoptotic markers in dystrophic muscle. Here we set out to identify the contribution of canonical apoptotic pathways to skeletal muscle degeneration in muscular dystrophy by genetically deleting a known inhibitor of apoptosis, apoptosis repressor with a card domain (Arc), in dystrophic mouse models. Nol3 (Arc protein) genetic deletion in the dystrophic Sgcd or Lama2 null backgrounds showed exacerbated skeletal muscle pathology with decreased muscle performance compared with single null dystrophic littermate controls. The enhanced severity of the dystrophic phenotype associated with Nol3 deletion was caspase independent but dependent on the mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP), as the inhibitor Debio-025 partially rescued skeletal muscle pathology in Nol3 -/- Sgcd -/- double targeted mice. Mechanistically, Nol3 -/- Sgcd -/- mice showed elevated total and mitochondrial Bax protein levels, as well as greater mitochondrial swelling, suggesting that Arc normally restrains the cell death effects of Bax in skeletal muscle. Indeed, knockdown of Arc in mouse embryonic fibroblasts caused an increased sensitivity to cell death that was fully blocked in Bax Bak1 (genes encoding Bax and Bak) double null fibroblasts. Thus Arc deficiency in dystrophic muscle exacerbates disease pathogenesis due to a Bax-mediated sensitization of mitochondria-dependent death mechanisms.
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