Family-B G-protein-coupled receptors.
Family-B G-protein-coupled receptors.
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DOI：
10.1186/gb-2001-2-12-reviews3013
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
家族B的G蛋白偶联受体（也称为促分泌素受体家族）包括多肽激素的受体、被认为介导细胞间相互作用的分子和调节应激反应和寿命的蛋白质。它们与其他G蛋白偶联受体共享一个共同的分子结构（具有7个假定的跨膜片段），并在所有动物中发现。所有G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）都具有共同的分子结构（具有七个推定的跨膜区段）和共同的信号传导机制，因为它们与G蛋白（异源三聚体GTP酶）相互作用以调节细胞内第二信使如环AMP、肌醇磷酸、二酰甘油和钙离子的合成。历史上，GPCR被分为六个家族，它们被认为是不相关的;其中三个在脊椎动物中发现。最近的工作已经确定了几个新的GCPR家族，并提出了所有这些家族共同进化起源的可能性。GPCR的家族B（促分泌素受体家族或“家族2”）是一个小的但结构和功能多样的蛋白质组，包括多肽激素的受体、被认为介导质膜上细胞间相互作用的分子和一组调节应激反应和寿命的果蝇蛋白质。家族B GPCR已在所有研究的动物物种中发现，包括哺乳动物、秀丽隐杆线虫和黑腹果蝇，但在植物、真菌或原核生物中未发现。在这篇文章中，我描述了家族B GPCR的结构和功能，并提出了这些蛋白质的简化命名法。
G-protein-coupled receptors of family B (also called the secretin-receptor family) include receptors for polypeptide hormones, molecules thought to mediate intercellular interactions and proteins that regulate stress responses and longevity. They share a common molecular architecture (with seven putative transmembrane segments) with other G-protein-coupled receptors and are found in all animals. All G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) share a common molecular architecture (with seven putative transmembrane segments) and a common signaling mechanism, in that they interact with G proteins (heterotrimeric GTPases) to regulate the synthesis of intracellular second messengers such as cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates, diacylglycerol and calcium ions. Historically, GPCRs have been classified into six families, which were thought to be unrelated; three of these are found in vertebrates. Recent work has identified several new GCPR families and suggested the possibility of a common evolutionary origin for all of them. Family B (the secretin-receptor family or 'family 2') of the GPCRs is a small but structurally and functionally diverse group of proteins that includes receptors for polypeptide hormones, molecules thought to mediate intercellular interactions at the plasma membrane and a group of Drosophila proteins that regulate stress responses and longevity. Family-B GPCRs have been found in all animal species investigated, including mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but not in plants, fungi or prokaryotes. In this article, I describe the structures and functions of family-B GPCRs and propose a simplified nomenclature for these proteins.