How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions?
How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007485307005184
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Roques, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kenis, M.;Rabitsch, W.;Roques, A.
与中欧入侵过程和外来入侵昆虫物种管理有关的信息是从两个数据库中提取的：奥地利和瑞士的两个外来昆虫清单汇编，以及欧洲和地中海植物保护组织（EPPO）收集的1995-2004年期间欧洲非本地植物害虫截获清单。在瑞士和奥地利发现的昆虫中，有三分之一的原产地尚不清楚。其他主要来自北美、亚洲和地中海地区。在截获的昆虫中，40%与来自亚洲的商品有关，32%来自欧洲，只有2%来自北美。与本地区系相比，外来区系中尤以鞘翅目、鞘翅目和鞘翅目较多。在截获数据库中，双翅目也有较多的记录，但双翅目的记录最多。在外来昆虫区系中，取食树液和食腐动物是主要的取食生态位。相比之下，外部剥叶虫、茎蛀虫、瘿虫、根食虫、捕食者和寄生蜂的代表性不足。瑞士和奥地利近40%的外来昆虫只生活在室内。另有15%生活在户外，但完全或主要以外来植物为食。不到20%主要存在于“自然”环境中。外来昆虫在欧洲的引进大多与观赏植物的国际贸易有关。在瑞士和奥地利，发现40%的外来昆虫对经济有影响，而没有一种已知的对生态有影响。讨论了这些观察结果对欧洲外来物种进一步研究和管理的意义。
Information relevant to invasion processes and invasive alien insect species management in Central Europe was extracted from two databases: a compilation of two inventories of alien insects in Austria and Switzerland, and a list of interceptions of non-indigenous plant pests in Europe gathered by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) for the period 1995-2004. For one-third of the insects established in Switzerland and Austria, the region of origin is unclear. Others come mainly from North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region. Among the intercepted insects, 40% were associated with commodities from Asia, 32% from Europe and only 2% from North America. Sternorrhyncha, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were particularly well represented in the alien fauna compared to the native fauna. In the interception database, Sternorrhyncha were also well represented but Diptera accounted for the highest number of records. Sap feeders and detritivores were the dominant feeding niches in the alien insect fauna. In contrast, external defoliators, stem borers, gall makers, root feeders, predators and parasitoids were underrepresented. Nearly 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria live only indoors. Another 15% live outdoors but exclusively or predominantly on exotic plants. Less than 20% are found mainly in 'natural' environments. The majority of introductions of alien insects in Europe are associated with the international trade in ornamental plants. An economic impact was found for 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria, whereas none is known to have an ecological impact. The implications of these observations for further studies and the management of alien species in Europe are discussed.