Variation and Evolution of Human Centromeres: A Field Guide and Perspective.

Variation and Evolution of Human Centromeres: A Field Guide and Perspective.
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人类着丝粒的变化和进化:现场指南和观点。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-020519
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发表时间:
2021-11-23
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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我们正在进入基因组学的一个新时代,整个着丝粒区域在人类参考组件中被准确地表示。访问这些高分辨率地图将使新的调查序列和表观遗传变异的人口,并提供新的见解卫星阵列基因组学和着丝粒功能。在这里,我们专注于α卫星的序列组织和进化,这被认为是人类着丝粒的遗传和基因组定义,由于它们与内部动粒蛋白的相互作用及其在人类人工染色体测定发展中的重要性。我们在这些高质量的参考数据集的背景下提供了α卫星重复序列结构和阵列组织的概述;讨论了基于变异的调查的出现;并提供了在染色体生物学,基因组不稳定性和人类疾病的背景下,这种新的遗传和表观遗传变异来源的作用。
We are entering a new era in genomics where entire centromeric regions are accurately represented in human reference assemblies. Access to these high-resolution maps will enable new surveys of sequence and epigenetic variation in the population and offer new insight into satellite array genomics and centromere function. Here, we focus on the sequence organization and evolution of alpha satellites, which are credited as the genetic and genomic definition of human centromeres due to their interaction with inner kinetochore proteins and their importance in the development of human artificial chromosome assays. We provide an overview of alpha satellite repeat structure and array organization in the context of these high-quality reference data sets; discuss the emergence of variation-based surveys; and provide perspective on the role of this new source of genetic and epigenetic variation in the context of chromosome biology, genome instability, and human disease.
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发表时间: 2020-12-31
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影响因子: 3.5
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