Phylogeny and evolution of unique skull morphologies in dietary specialist African shovel-snouted snakes (Lamprophiidae: Prosymna)

Phylogeny and evolution of unique skull morphologies in dietary specialist African shovel-snouted snakes (Lamprophiidae: Prosymna)
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饮食专家非洲铲吻蛇(Lamprophiidae:Prosymna)独特头骨形态的系统发育和进化

DOI:
10.1093/biolinnean/blaa076
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Bauer, Aaron M.
Bauer, Aaron M.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heinicke, Matthew P.;Titus-McQuillan, James M.;Daza, Juan D.;Kull, Elizabeth M.;Stanley, Edward L.;Bauer, Aaron M.

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一种特殊的非洲蛇属,缺乏近亲。对原合目内的进化关系和历史知之甚少。在这里,我们组装了一个多基因的数据集,包括16个物种中的11个的代表,以调查该组的系统发育关系。我们的分析支持单系ofProsymna和一致的外部形态的基础上,以前承认的种组。在新生代中期,外展原共生体之间的分歧,最早的分歧分裂北方从南方血统。高分辨率计算机断层扫描证实,一个专门的头骨形态被发现在整个属,并可能存在于共同的祖先ofProsymna。这种特化表现为前牙减少,但后牙大大增大,像刀片一样的上颌牙齿,以及颅骨异常高度的融合。其中一种,P. visseri,有一个锤状的上颌骨,不同于任何其他已知的蛇。食卵的证据inProsymna和可能的作用,形态专业化的鸡蛋切割或鸡蛋粉碎喂养机制进行了讨论。
Prosymnais a specialized African snake genus lacking close relatives. The evolutionary relationships and history withinProsymnaare poorly understood. Here we assembled a multi-gene data set including representatives for 11 of 16 species to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of this group. Our analyses support the monophyly ofProsymnaand are congruent with species groups previously recognized on the basis of external morphology. Divergences among extantProsymnabegan in the mid-Cenozoic, with the earliest divergence splitting northern from southern lineages. High-resolution computed tomography scans confirm that a specialized skull morphology is found across the genus and was probably present in the common ancestor ofProsymna. This specialization is exemplified by dentition featuring reduced anterior but greatly enlarged, blade-like posterior maxillary teeth and an unusually high degree of fusion of cranial bones. One species,P. visseri, has a hammer-like maxilla unlike that of any other known snake. Evidence for oophagy inProsymnaand the possible roles of morphological specializations in egg-slitting or egg-crushing feeding mechanisms are discussed.
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