Central Nervous System Regenerative Failure: Role of Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglia
Central Nervous System Regenerative Failure: Role of Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglia
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a020602
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Popovich, Phillip G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silver, Jerry;Schwab, Martin E.;Popovich, Phillip G.
动物研究现在表明，通过操纵神经元中低效的细胞内生长机制以及细胞外屏障，在中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤后实现显着的功能恢复具有令人兴奋的潜力，这进一步限制了它们的再生潜力。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注三种主要的神经胶质细胞类型：少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞，以及它们的一些前体细胞，它们形成了受损中枢神经系统再生的主要外在障碍。尽管中枢神经系统中的轴突神经元充其量也具有有限的再生或发芽能力，但越来越多的证据表明，即使在成人中，特别是在增强其生长运动之后，当这些神经元再生的神经胶质障碍被改变、消除或克服时，神经元也具有相当大的回路重组甚至长时间再生的能力。
Animal studies are now showing the exciting potential to achieve significant functional recovery following central nervous system (CNS) injury by manipulating both the inefficient intracellular growth machinery in neurons, aswell as the extracellular barriers, which further limit their regenerative potential. In this review, we have focused on the three major glial cell types: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia/macrophages, in addition to some of their precursors, which form major extrinsic barriers to regrowth in the injured CNS. Although axotomized neurons in the CNS have, at best, a limited capacity to regenerate or sprout, there is accumulating evidence that even in the adult and, especially after boosting their growth motor, neurons possess the capacity for considerable circuit reorganization and even lengthy regeneration when these glial obstacles to neuronal regrowth are modified, eliminated, or overcome.