Ocean pH time-series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA
Ocean pH time-series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA
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DOI：
10.1002/lno.10264
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Hofmann, Gretchen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kapsenberg, Lydia;Hofmann, Gretchen E.
东部边界流系统(EBCSs)由于沿海上升流和初级生产，海水pH值发生动态波动。EBCSs缺乏高分辨率的pH观测，限制了将野外pH暴露与沿海海洋生物在未来海洋变化(酸化、变暖)下的表现联系起来的能力。这项为期3年的研究描述了北部海峡群岛沿东部边界加州电流系统内持续温度梯度(1-4摄氏度)的时空pH变化。PH值和电导率、温度、深度和氧气传感器被部署在海藻和海藻栖息地的岛屿码头上，以及潮下系泊上。由于事件规模的初级生产，岛屿上的温度梯度没有表现为pH梯度。我们解决了DELL(Delta pH(T)0.05-0.2：光合作用)、事件尺度(Delta pH(T)<；0.1-0.2：上升流、浮游植物水华、风松弛)和季节性(Delta pH(T)0.06：变暖)时间范围的空间pH变化。在海带森林中，尽管2012至2014年间升温了2.1摄氏度，但夏季平均pH(T)(8.01-8.02)和昼夜PHT循环的幅度(Delta pH(T)0.12-0.10)与每年相当。与附近的大陆站点相比，北部海峡群岛经历的低PH值事件很少。大多数pH(T)观测结果为>；7.9。观测到的最低pH值(>；1SD低于平均pH(T))出现在温暖(温暖夜晚的呼吸)或寒冷(上升水平流)温度下。我们强调将特定地点的环境变异性纳入海洋变化生物学研究的重要性，特别是在设计多应激源实验时。
Eastern boundary current systems (EBCSs) experience dynamic fluctuations in seawater pH due to coastal upwelling and primary production. The lack of high-resolution pH observations in EBCSs limits the ability to relate field pH exposures to performance of coastal marine species under future ocean change (acidification, warming). This 3-yr study describes spatio-temporal pH variability across the northern Channel Islands, along a persistent temperature gradient (1-4 degrees C) within the eastern boundary California Current System. pH and Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, and Oxygen sensors were deployed on island piers in eelgrass and kelp habitat and on a subtidal mooring. Due to event-scale primary production, the temperature gradient across the islands did not manifest in a pH gradient. We resolved spatial pH variability on diel (Delta pH(T) 0.05-0.2: photosynthesis), event-scale (Delta pH(T) < 0.1-0.2: upwelling, phytoplankton blooms, wind relaxation), and seasonal (Delta pH(T) 0.06: warming) time frames. In the kelp forest, summer mean pH(T) (8.01-8.02) and magnitude of diel pHT cycles (Delta pH(T) 0.12-0.10) were comparable year-to-year, despite 2.1 degrees C warming from 2012 to 2014. Compared to nearby mainland sites, the northern Channel Islands experienced few low pH events. The majority of pH(T) observations were > 7.9. The lowest pH observations (> 1 SD below mean pH(T)) occurred under either warm (respiration during warm nights) or cold (advection of upwelled water) temperatures. We emphasize the importance of incorporating site-specific environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology, particularly in the design of multistressor experiments.