Two-phase formation in solutions of tobacco mosaic virus and the problem of long-range forces.
Two-phase formation in solutions of tobacco mosaic virus and the problem of long-range forces.
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DOI：
10.1085/jgp.33.5.445
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发表时间：
1950-05-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
OSTER G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OSTER G
在几乎无盐的培养基中，均匀长度的杆状病毒颗粒的稀释的烟草花叶病毒溶液形成两相;底部光学各向异性相具有比顶部光学各向同性相更大的病毒浓度。对于含有各种长度的颗粒的样品，底部相含有比顶部相更长的颗粒，并且顶部和底部的浓度几乎相等。颗粒越长，两相形成所需的最小浓度越小。增加盐浓度会增加最小浓度。两个阶段的形成解释的几何考虑，而不诉诸远程吸引力的概念。两相形成的最小浓度是棒状颗粒之间开始发生取向相关的浓度。该浓度由颗粒的有效尺寸和形状确定，所述颗粒的有效尺寸和形状由通过光散射测量的溶液渗透压的浓度依赖性获得。在Onsager理论中引入粒子的有效体积，得到了与实验符合较好的结果。该理论被扩展到非均匀大小的棒的混合物和盐浓度变化的情况下，并与实验一致。的颗粒和盐浓度的依赖性的结晶有效体积的颗粒的形状和它们之间的静电排斥方面的解释。对蛋白质水合作用和长程力的当前理论进行了批判性讨论。新鲜纯化的烟草花叶病毒样品的底层显示可见光的布拉格衍射。衍射数据表明，溶液中的病毒颗粒形成三维晶体，其大小近似于患有该疾病的植物细胞中发现的结晶包涵体。
In a nearly salt-free medium, a dilute tobacco mosaic virus solution of rod-shaped virus particles of uniform length forms two phases; the bottom optically anisotropic phase has a greater virus concentration than has the top optically isotropic phase. For a sample containing particles of various lengths, the bottom phase contains longer particles than does the top and the concentrations top and bottom are nearly equal. The longer the particles the less the minimum concentration necessary for two-phase formation. Increasing the salt concentration increases the minimum concentration. The formation of two phases is explained in terms of geometrical considerations without recourse to the concept of long-range attractive forces. The minimum concentration for two-phase formation is that concentration at which correlation in orientation between the rod-shaped particles begins to take place. This concentration is determined by the thermodynamically effective size and shape of the particles as obtained from the concentration dependence of the osmotic pressure of the solutions measured by light scattering. The effective volume of the particles is introduced into the theory of Onsager for correlation of orientation of uniform size rods and good agreement with experiment is obtained. The theory is extended to a mixture of non-uniform size rods and to the case in which the salt concentration is varied, and agreement with experiment is obtained. The thermodynamically effective volume of the particles and its dependence on salt concentration are explained in terms of the shape of the particles and the electrostatic repulsion between them. Current theories of the hydration of proteins and of long-range forces are critically discussed. The bottom layer of freshly purified tobacco mosaic virus samples shows Bragg diffraction of visible light. The diffraction data indicate that the virus particles in solution form three-dimensional crystals approximately the size of crystalline inclusion bodies found in the cells of plants suffering from the disease.
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植物病毒制剂的X射线和晶体学研究：I。标本的引入和制备II。病毒颗粒聚集的模式。
DOI：
10.1085/jgp.25.1.111
发表时间：
1941-09-20
期刊：
The Journal of general physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bernal JD;Fankuchen I
通讯作者：
Fankuchen I
DOI：
10.1021/j150451a002
发表时间：
1947-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND COLLOID CHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
DEBYE, P
通讯作者：
DEBYE, P
影响因子：
--
作者：
Derjaguin, B
通讯作者：
Derjaguin, B
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hamaker, HC
通讯作者：
Hamaker, HC
DOI：
10.1038/icb.1940.28
发表时间：
1940-01-01
期刊：
AUSTRALIAN JOUR EXP BIOL AND MED SCI
影响因子：
--
作者：
BEST, RUPERT J.
通讯作者：
BEST, RUPERT J.