Environmental source of arsenic exposure.
Environmental source of arsenic exposure.
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DOI：
10.3961/jpmph.14.036
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hong YS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chung JY;Yu SD;Hong YS
砷是一种普遍存在的天然类金属，在接触受污染的饮用水、香烟、食品、工业、职业环境和空气后，可能是癌症的重要危险因素。在砷暴露的各种途径中，饮用水是世界范围内砷中毒的最大来源。摄入食物中的砷暴露通常来自种植在被砷污染的土壤中的粮食作物和/或用被砷污染的水灌溉的粮食作物。根据世界卫生组织最近的一份报告，受污染的水中的砷可以快速而容易地被吸收，根据其代谢形式，可能会对人类健康造成不利影响。最近，美国食品和药物管理局对化妆品中发现的金属进行了监管，以保护消费者免受被认为有害健康的污染物的影响；一些化妆品被发现含有包括重金属在内的各种化学物质，重金属有时被用作防腐剂。此外，发展中国家往往有越来越多的工业工厂，不幸的是，这些工厂危害环境，特别是在工业和车辆排放以及家庭活动造成严重空气污染的城市。在工业活动地区，空气也是砷暴露的重要来源。空气颗粒物中砷的存在被认为是某些疾病的风险。综上所述，砷暴露的各种潜在途径似乎对人类产生了不利影响，未来应努力减少由环境因素造成的砷暴露。
Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that may be a significant risk factor for cancer after exposure to contaminated drinking water, cigarettes, foods, industry, occupational environment, and air. Among the various routes of arsenic exposure, drinking water is the largest source of arsenic poisoning worldwide. Arsenic exposure from ingested foods usually comes from food crops grown in arsenic-contaminated soil and/or irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water. According to a recent World Health Organization report, arsenic from contaminated water can be quickly and easily absorbed and depending on its metabolic form, may adversely affect human health. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration regulations for metals found in cosmetics to protect consumers against contaminations deemed deleterious to health; some cosmetics were found to contain a variety of chemicals including heavy metals, which are sometimes used as preservatives. Moreover, developing countries tend to have a growing number of industrial factories that unfortunately, harm the environment, especially in cities where industrial and vehicle emissions, as well as household activities, cause serious air pollution. Air is also an important source of arsenic exposure in areas with industrial activity. The presence of arsenic in airborne particulate matter is considered a risk for certain diseases. Taken together, various potential pathways of arsenic exposure seem to affect humans adversely, and future efforts to reduce arsenic exposure caused by environmental factors should be made.