Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark
Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark
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DOI：
10.1128/aac.45.7.2054-2059.2001
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Bager, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aarestrup, FM;Seyfarth, AM;Bager, F
从 1995 年到 2000 年，作为丹麦抗菌素耐药性监测计划的一部分，总共分离了 673 株来自猪的粪肠球菌和 1,088 株粪肠球菌，以及来自肉鸡的 856 株屎肠球菌，并测试了其对用于促进生长的四类抗菌药物的敏感性。四种抗菌药物是阿维拉霉素、红霉素、万古霉素和维吉尼亚霉素。过去 6 年来，丹麦在使用抗菌药物促进生长方面发生了重大变化。政府于 1995 年禁止使用阿伏巴星，并于 1998 年禁止使用维吉尼亚霉素。此外，生产商从 1999 年开始自愿停止所有使用。1995 年阿伏巴星禁令之后，肉鸡中耐糖肽屎肠球菌 (GRE) 的发生率下降，从 1995 年的 72.7% 下降到 2007 年的 5.8%。 2000年，发生 从 1995 年到 1997 年，猪分离株的糖肽抗性一直保持在 20% 左右。研究表明，在猪的 GRE 中，编码大环内酯类和糖肽抗性的基因仅在遗传上相关，随着 1998 年和 1999 年泰乐菌素使用量的减少，猪中 GRE 的发生率在 2000 年下降到 6.0%，从 1995 年到1997年 猪分离的屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对红霉素的耐药率几乎达到90%。 1998年和1999年，泰乐菌素的使用量显着减少，随之而来的是猪分离出的粪肠球菌和粪肠球菌的耐药率分别下降至46.7%和28.1%。肉鸡分离出的屎肠球菌对红霉素的耐药性在 1997 年达到最高值 76.3%，但随着维吉尼亚霉素的使用更加有限，2000 年下降到 12.7%。 1995年至1997年，维吉尼亚霉素的使用量有所增加，随后肉鸡粪肠球菌分离株中维吉尼亚霉素耐药性的发生率也随之增加，从1995年的27.3%增至1997年的66.2%。1998年1月，丹麦禁止使用维吉尼亚霉素，维吉尼亚霉素耐药率的发生率下降至33.9% 2000年，阿维拉霉素的使用量自1995年开始增加 到 1996 年，从肉鸡中分离出来的屎肠球菌中阿维拉霉素耐药性有所增加，从 1995 年的 63.6% 增加到 1996 年的 77.4%。自 1996 年以来，阿维拉霉素的使用量有所下降，随后耐药性在 2000 年下降到 4.8%。我们的观察表明，当选择压力是 已删除。万古霉素耐药性与红霉素耐药性相关的病例是例外。在这种情况下，直到限制阿伏霉素和泰乐菌素的使用后，耐药性才会降低。
From 1995 to 2000, a total of 673 Enterococcus faecium and 1,088 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from pigs together with 856 E. faecium isolates from broilers were isolated and tested for susceptibility to four classes of antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion as part of the Danish program of monitoring for antimicrobial resistance. The four antimicrobials were avilamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, and virginiamycin. Major changes in the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion have occurred during the last 6 years in Denmark. The government banned the use of avoparcin in 1995 and of virginiamycin in 1998, Furthermore, the producers have voluntarily stopped all use beginning in 1999. The avoparcin ban in 1995 was followed by a decrease in the occurrence of glycopeptide-resistant E. faecium (GRE) in broilers, from 72.7% in 1995 to 5.8% in 2000, The occurrence of glycopeptide resistance among isolates from pigs remained constant at around 20% from 1995 to 1997. It was shown that, in GRE from pigs, the genes encoding macrolide and glycopeptide resistance mere genetically linked and that, following the decrease in the use of tylosin during 1998 and 1999, the occurrence of GRE: in pigs decreased to 6.0% in 2000, From 1995 to 1997 the occurrence of erythromycin resistance among E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from pigs was almost 90%. Use of tylosin decreased considerably during 1998 and 1999, and this decrease was followed by decreases in the occurrence of resistance to 46.7 and 28.1% among E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from pigs, respectively. Erythromycin resistance among E. faecium isolates from broilers reached a maximum of 76.3% in 1997 but decreased to 12.7% in 2000 concomitantly with more limited use of virginiamycin. Use of virginiamycin increased from 1995 to 1997 and was followed by an increased occurrence of virginiamycin resistance among E. faecium isolates in broilers, from 27.3% in 1995 to 66.2% in 1997, In January 1998 the use of virginiamycin was banned in Denmark, and the occurrence of virginiamycin resistance decreased to 33.9% in 2000. Use of avilamycin increased from 1995 to 1996 and was followed by an increase in avilamycin resistance among E. faecium isolates from broilers, from 63.6% in 1995 to 77.4% in 1996. Since 1996 avilamycin usage has decreased, followed by a decrease in resistance to 4.8% in 2000, Our observations show that it is possible to reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in a national population of food animals when the selective pressure is removed. Cases in which resistance to vancomycin was linked to resistance to erythromycin were exceptions. In such cases resistance did not decrease until the use of both avoparcin and tylosin was limited.