The Mucosal and Serological Immune Responses to the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines.
The Mucosal and Serological Immune Responses to the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines.
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对新型冠状病毒（SARS-COV-2）疫苗的粘膜和血清学免疫反应。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.744887
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Lam HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan RWY;Liu S;Cheung JY;Tsun JGS;Chan KC;Chan KYY;Fung GPG;Li AM;Lam HS
虽然SARS-CoV-2疫苗诱导的血清学抗体反应已被很好地表征，但对其引发粘膜免疫的能力知之甚少。本研究旨在检查和比较两种不同疫苗接种平台：mRNA （Comirnaty）和灭活病毒（CoronaVac）的接受者的粘膜和全身反应。从Comirnaty或CoronaVac受体中收集连续血液和鼻上皮衬里液（NELF）样本。测定血浆和nefl免疫球蛋白A和G （IgA和IgG）对SARS-CoV-2 S1蛋白（S1）的特异性及其中和作用。伴用药可诱导鼻腔s1特异性免疫球蛋白反应，这种反应早在首次给药后14±2天就出现了。在64%的受试者中，NELF的中和效应持续了至少50天。此外，85%的社区接受者在第一次给药后14±2天血浆中出现s1特异性IgA和IgG反应。增强后7±2天，所有血浆样品均具有s1特异性IgA和IgG反应并被中和。冠状病毒抗体对s1特异性血浆抗体的诱导作用以IgG为主，在增强后7±2天，83%的受试者具有s1特异性IgG，具有中和作用。在鼻黏膜诱导具有中和活性的s1特异性IgA和IgG反应；冠状动脉没有类似的反应。与灭活病毒疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗的鼻腔应答可能提供额外的保护。然而，这种广泛的免疫反应是否会在其他组织中产生无意的不良反应还有待进一步研究。
Although the serological antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are well characterized, little is known about their ability to elicit mucosal immunity. This study aims to examine and compare the mucosal and systemic responses of recipients of two different vaccination platforms: mRNA (Comirnaty) and inactivated virus (CoronaVac). Serial blood and nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) samples were collected from the recipients of either Comirnaty or CoronaVac. The plasma and NELF immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG) specific to SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein (S1) and their neutralization effects were quantified. Comirnaty induced nasal S1-specific immunoglobulin responses, which were evident as early as 14 ± 2 days after the first dose. In 64% of the subjects, the neutralizing effects of NELF persisted for at least 50 days. Moreover, 85% of Comirnaty recipients exhibited S1-specific IgA and IgG responses in plasma by 14 ± 2 days after the first dose. By 7 ± 2 days after the booster, all plasma samples possessed S1-specific IgA and IgG responses and were neutralizing. The induction of S1-specific plasma antibodies by CoronaVac was IgG dominant, and 83% of the subjects possessed S1-specific IgG by 7 ± 2 days after the booster, with neutralizing effects. Comirnaty induces S1-specific IgA and IgG responses with neutralizing activity in the nasal mucosa; a similar response is not seen with CoronaVac. The presence of a nasal response with mRNA vaccine may provide additional protection compared with inactivated virus vaccine. However, whether such widespread immunological response may produce inadvertent adverse effects in other tissues warrants further investigation.