Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites for Osteochondral Tissue.
Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites for Osteochondral Tissue.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_4
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ohan S. Manoukian;Connor Dieck;T. Milne;C. Dealy;Swetha Rudraiah;S. Kumbar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohan S. Manoukian;Connor Dieck;T. Milne;C. Dealy;Swetha Rudraiah;S. Kumbar
多年来，软骨组织的无血管性质对人体内受损软骨的替换、修复和重建提出了临床挑战。软骨和骨软骨组织的损伤可能是由于骨关节炎、运动、侵袭性癌症以及磨损组织上的重复应力和炎症。由于其有限的再生或修复能力，需要合适的材料系统，其可以在物理上、机械上、组织学上和生物学上再现天然骨软骨组织的功能。组织工程（TE）方法利用生物医学工程、临床医学和细胞生物学的原理来配制、功能化和应用生物材料支架以帮助组织的再生和修复。纳米材料科学引入了改进和强化TE支架的新方法，并处于尖端TE战略的最前沿。这些纳米材料具有与其亚微米维度直接相关的独特性质，包括结构和细胞优势。实例包括电纺纳米纤维和乳液纳米颗粒，其为生物材料提供纳米级特征，更紧密地复制3D细胞外基质，提供更好的细胞粘附、整合、相互作用和信号传导。本章的目的是提供一个详细的概述骨软骨再生和修复使用TE战略，重点是纳米材料和纳米复合材料。
For many years, the avascular nature of cartilage tissue has posed a clinical challenge for replacement, repair, and reconstruction of damaged cartilage within the human body. Injuries to cartilage and osteochondral tissues can be due to osteoarthritis, sports, aggressive cancers, and repetitive stresses and inflammation on wearing tissue. Due to its limited capacity for regeneration or repair, there is a need for suitable material systems which can recapitulate the function of the native osteochondral tissue physically, mechanically, histologically, and biologically. Tissue engineering (TE) approaches take advantage of principles of biomedical engineering, clinical medicine, and cell biology to formulate, functionalize, and apply biomaterial scaffolds to aid in the regeneration and repair of tissues. Nanomaterial science has introduced new methods for improving and fortifying TE scaffolds, and lies on the forefront of cutting-edge TE strategies. These nanomaterials enable unique properties directly correlated to their sub-micron dimensionality including structural and cellular advantages. Examples include electrospun nanofibers and emulsion nanoparticles which provide nanoscale features for biomaterials, more closely replicating the 3D extracellular matrix, providing better cell adhesion, integration, interaction, and signaling. This chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of osteochondral regeneration and repair using TE strategies with a focus on nanomaterials and nanocomposites.