Plant Dispersal, Introduced Species, and Vegetation Change in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga1
Plant Dispersal, Introduced Species, and Vegetation Change in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga1
复制标题
南太平洋汤加王国的植物传播、引进物种和植被变化1
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Drezner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Patricia L. Fall;T. Drezner
摘要：分散行会对岛屿植被史具有重要的生态学意义。本研究考虑了与物种起源和生长形式相结合的传播媒介，以表征南太平洋汤加岛屿上的植被动态。从已发表的关于汤加植物的文献中汇编的700多个物种的数据支持对本地植物群、波利尼西亚定居者带来的物种和自欧洲接触以来引入的分类群的扩散机制和生长形式进行比较研究。本地植物群，主要是树木，其主要特点是通过鸟类和蝙蝠在内部传播。欧洲的引种，主要是草本植物，通常通过动物外传传播。蝙蝠的传播对上层的本土和波利尼西亚的树木和藤蔓植物最为重要。此外，啮齿动物通常吃原生雨林树木的种子。林下植被主要由风散和外部动物散组成，通常是早期演替的。雨林变薄有利于风散物种和外来物种的建立。因此，通过保护蝙蝠和消灭引进的老鼠，可以加强汤加本地植物群持续存在的前景，蝙蝠是本地和特有物种的特别重要的传播媒介。
Abstract: Dispersal guilds hold key ecological implications for the vegetation history of islands. This study considers dispersal vectors in conjunction with species origin and growth form to characterize vegetation dynamics on the islands of Tonga in the South Pacific. Data for over 700 species compiled from published literature on the plants of Tonga support a comparative study of dispersal mechanisms and growth forms for native flora, species brought by Polynesian settlers, and taxa introduced since European contact. The indigenous flora, predominantly trees, is characterized primarily by endozoochorous (internal) dispersal through birds and bats. European introductions, primarily herbs, disperse commonly through epizoochorous (external) animal dispersal. Bat dispersal is most important for overstory indigenous and Polynesian trees and vines. In addition, rodents commonly eat seeds of native rain forest trees. The understory, which is overwhelmingly introduced, consists of wind-dispersed and externally animal-dispersed species, which are often early successional. Rain forest thinning encourages establishment of wind-dispersed species and nonnatives. Thus, the prospect of sustained native flora in Tonga would be enhanced by the preservation of bats, a particularly important dispersal vector for indigenous and endemic species, and by the eradication of introduced rats.