Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?

Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?
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2016 年至 2017 年阿拉斯加博戈斯洛夫火山喷发期间,充冰是否产生了火山闪电?

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-019-1350-5
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Mastin, Larry G.
Mastin, Larry G.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Van Eaton, Alexa R.;Schneider, David J.;Smith, Cassandra M.;Haney, Matthew M.;Lyons, John J.;Said, Ryan;Fee, David;Holzworth, Robert H.;Mastin, Larry G.

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2016-2017年阿拉斯加博戈斯洛夫火山的浅海底喷发将火山灰和海水注入最高高度约12公里的羽流。全球闪电定位网络(WWLLN)和维萨拉全球闪电数据集(GLD 360)在9个月内检测到超过4550次火山闪电。闪电通过近乎实时地确认产生灰烬的爆炸来协助监测工作,但70次爆炸事件中只有32次产生了可检测到的闪电。是什么导致了一些火山羽流中的电活动,而不是其他人?为什么闪电强度在每次爆炸的过程中会有起伏?我们解决这些问题,使用多参数观测地面闪电传感器,卫星图像,照片,声学信号和一维烟羽建模。详细的时间序列监测数据显示,羽流直到上升到高于大气冻结水平(约为-20 °C)才产生可检测到的闪电。例如,在2017年5月28日(事件40),闪电的延迟发生与羽流上层的模拟冰形成相吻合。模式结果显示,烟柱内部的微物理条件与强雷暴相媲美,液态水含量> 5 g m− 3,在液态水和冰共存的混合相区域,强烈的上升气流> 40 m s− 1。根据这些发现,我们推断,“雷暴式”的碰撞冰充电催化火山闪电。然而,电荷机制可能是在一个连续体上运行的,硅酸盐碰撞在近喷口区域占主导地位,冰充电在上层羽流中占据主导地位。这项研究的一个关键意义是,博戈斯洛夫火山爆发期间的闪电提供了一个可靠的指标,持续的,富含灰烬的羽流(和相关的危险)以上的大气冻结水平。
The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano in Alaska injected plumes of ash and seawater to maximum heights of ~ 12 km. More than 4550 volcanic lightning strokes were detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and Vaisala’s Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) over 9 months. Lightning assisted monitoring efforts by confirming ash-producing explosions in near-real time, but only 32 out of the 70 explosive events produced detectable lightning. What led to electrical activity within some of the volcanic plumes, but not others? And why did the lightning intensity wax and wane over the lifetime of individual explosions? We address these questions using multiparametric observations from ground-based lightning sensors, satellite imagery, photographs, acoustic signals, and 1D plume modeling. Detailed time-series of monitoring data show that the plumes did not produce detectable lightning until they rose higher than the atmospheric freezing level (approximated by − 20 °C temperatures). For example, on 28 May 2017 (event 40), the delayed onset of lightning coincides with modeled ice formation in upper levels of the plume. Model results suggest that microphysical conditions inside the plume rivaled those of severe thunderstorms, with liquid water contents > 5 g m−3and vigorous updrafts > 40 m s−1in the mixed-phase region where liquid water and ice coexist. Based on these findings, we infer that ‘thunderstorm-style’ collisional ice-charging catalyzed the volcanic lightning. However, charge mechanisms likely operated on a continuum, with silicate collisions dominating electrification in the near-vent region, and ice charging taking over in the upper-level plumes. A key implication of this study is that lightning during the Bogoslof eruption provided a reliable indicator of sustained, ash-rich plumes (and associated hazards) above the atmospheric freezing level.
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