Community-based climate adaption: A perspective on the interface between a common pool resource system and an individual-based market transaction system
Community-based climate adaption: A perspective on the interface between a common pool resource system and an individual-based market transaction system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107891
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Yingjun Qi;Gongbu Zeren;Wenjun Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yingjun Qi;Gongbu Zeren;Wenjun Li
由于农村地区的土地私有化和市场化，以社区为基础的适应气候变化可能面临新的挑战。在青藏高原(QTP)进行的一项实地调查显示，在相同的极端气候事件中，草原集体管理制度(CMS)的牧民比个人管理制度(IMS)的牧民遭受更高的牲畜死亡率，这与之前的研究结果形成了鲜明对比。这项研究试图解释这种对比。结果表明，尽管当地牧民已经开始依赖市场化的适应策略来应对气候变化，但IMS牧民更倾向于租入草原，而CMS牧民更倾向于购买饲料。与雪灾期间购买饲料相比，高成本的草原租入战略更有效地降低了牲畜死亡率和家庭总经济损失。这样做的一个重要原因是，IMS加强了市场概念，促进了牧民与外部市场，特别是草原租赁市场之间的互动，而CMS则延续了过去的放牧传统，并保持了社区内的传统社会关系和集体观念。由于心理上的搭便车激励和规模错配，CMS牧民未能租入草原。然而，面对一次次的气候灾害，CMS牧民也开始通过自组织克服进入草原租赁市场的各种障碍，正在逐步形成适应气候变化的新路径。
Because of land privatisation and marketisation in rural areas, community-based adaptation to climate change may face new challenges. A field survey conducted on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) shows that herders with a grassland collective management system (CMS) suffer higher livestock mortality than those with an individual management system (IMS) during the same extreme climatic events, in contrast to previous research findings. This study seeks to explain this contrast. The results show that although local herders have begun to rely on market-related adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, IMS herders are more inclined to rent-in grassland, while CMS herders are more inclined to purchase fodder. The high-cost grassland renting-in strategy reduces livestock mortality and total household economic loss more effectively than purchasing fodder during snow disasters. An important reason for this is that IMS strengthens market concepts and promotes interaction between herders and external markets, especially the grassland rental market, while CMS continues past grazing traditions and maintains traditional social relationships and collective concepts within the community. CMS herders fail to rent-in grassland due to psychological free-riding incentives and scale mismatch. In the face of repeated climatic disasters, however, CMS herders have also begun to overcome various obstacles to entering the grassland rental market through self-organization and are gradually forming a new pathway of adaptation to climate change.