State of the world 2017: autocratization and exclusion?
State of the world 2017: autocratization and exclusion?
复制标题
2017年世界状况：独裁与排斥？
作者：
Anna Lührmann;Valeriya Mechkova;Sirianne Dahlum;Laura Maxwell;Moa Olin;Constanza Sanhueza Petrarca;R. Sigman;M. Wilson;S. Lindberg
摘要本文提出了全球独裁化趋势的证据。民主最明显的特征——选举——依然强大，甚至在一些地方有所改善。独裁主要影响民主的非选举方面，如媒体自由、言论自由和法治，而这些又有可能破坏选举的意义。虽然世界上大多数人口生活在民主统治之下，但2017年有25亿人遭受独裁统治。去年，世界上有24个国家的民主质量下降，其中许多国家人口众多，如印度和美国。这篇文章还提供了证据，证明在占世界人口86%的国家，男性和富裕群体往往掌握着强大的政治权力。此外，我们表明，特别是基于社会经济地位的政治排斥正变得越来越严重。例如，在过去十年中，富人在拥有世界19亿人口的国家中获得了更大的权力。
ABSTRACT This article presents evidence of a global trend of autocratization. The most visible feature of democracy – elections – remains strong and is even improving in some places. Autocratization mainly affects non-electoral aspects of democracy such as media freedom, freedom of expression, and the rule of law, yet these in turn threaten to undermine the meaningfulness of elections. While the majority of the world’s population lives under democratic rule, 2.5 billion people were subjected to autocratization in 2017. Last year, democratic qualities were in decline in 24 countries across the world, many of which are populous such as India and the United States. This article also presents evidence testifying that men and wealthy groups tend to have a strong hold on political power in countries where 86% of the world population reside. Further, we show that political exclusion based on socio-economic status in particular is becoming increasingly severe. For instance, the wealthy have gained significantly more power in countries home to 1.9 billion of the world’s population over the past decade.