Security in Public Space: An Empirical Assessment of Three US Cities
Security in Public Space: An Empirical Assessment of Three US Cities
复制标题
公共空间安全：对美国三个城市的实证评估
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jeremy Nemeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeremy Nemeth
尽管最近的研究表明，安全格局已经从20世纪90年代末至21世纪初的强硬、紧张、军事化架构转变为今天更常见的更柔和、不那么突兀的方式，但由于反恐安全区以及相关的行为和访问控制的增加，批评家们经常哀悼城市中公共性的丧失。然而，这些研究大多是轶事性质的：很少有研究试图用经验证据来支持这些说法，更少的研究将这种人身安全强制与管理其实施和操作的政策和计划联系起来。在本文中，我描述了对纽约市、洛杉矶和旧金山的公民中心和金融区进行实地考察的结果。在每个社区中，我使用一个简单的工具对安全景观进行分类，以评估单个安全区域的强度、持续时间和位置。我发现，在所研究的区域中，安全景观覆盖了3.4%至35.7%的公共可达空间，而这种景观在纽约市最为普遍和密集。我还发现，由多利益相关方网络管理的安全区比由单一实体管理的安全区更加紧张和军事化。通过了解政策如何影响实体安全，尽管在相对较小的城市和地区样本中，我们可以更好地预测城市安全措施的未来可能会发生什么。本文为关于全球西方城市安全景观的未来的更常见的理论推测提供了经验基础。
Critics often mourn a loss of publicness in cities due to the increased presence of antiterror security zones and related behavioral and access controls, although recent work suggests that security landscapes have shifted from the hard, intense, militarized architecture of the late 1990s–early 2000s to a softer, less obtrusive approach more commonly seen today. Nonetheless, these studies are mostly anecdotal in nature: few studies attempt to back these claims with empirical evidence and even fewer connect this physical security imposition with the policies and plans governing its implementation and operation. In this paper I describe results of site visits to Civic Centers and Financial Districts in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. In each neighborhood I catalog security landscapes using a simple tool to assess the intensity, duration, and location of individual security zones. I find that the security landscape covers between 3.4% and 35.7% of publicly accessible space in the districts studied, and that this landscape is most prevalent and intense in New York City. I also find that security zones governed by multistakeholder networks are more intense and militarized than zones managed by a single entity. By understanding how the policies impact physical security, albeit in a relatively small sample of cities and districts, we can better predict what the future of urban security measures might hold. This paper provides empirical grounding to more common theoretical speculations regarding the future of the urban security landscape in the global West.