Tracking urban activity growth globally with big location data.
Tracking urban activity growth globally with big location data.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.150688
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Mascolo C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daggitt ML;Noulas A;Shaw B;Mascolo C
近几十年来，世界经历了历史上任何其他时期都无法比拟的城市增长速度，这种增长正在塑造我们越来越多人生活的环境。在本文中，我们使用基于位置的社交网络Foursquare的纵向数据集来分析全球100个主要城市的城市增长。首先，我们探讨了世界各地城市的城市增长如何不同。我们发现，存在很强的空间相关性，附近的城市对更有可能分享类似的增长曲线比远程对城市。随后，我们研究了城市内部的增长如何变化，并证明，鉴于现有的地方密度，高于预期的增长是高度本地化的，而低于预期的增长是更加分散的。最后，我们试图使用数据集来描述新的和现有的场馆之间的竞争。通过定义一个措施的基础上的吞吐量的变化之前和之后，一个新的附近的场馆开幕，我们证明了哪些场馆类型有一个积极的影响，对同一类型的场馆，有一个负面的影响。例如，我们的分析证实了书店之间存在很大程度的竞争的假设，在这个意义上，现有的书店通常会在附近的新书店开业后出现明显的客流量下降。其他地方类型，如博物馆，被证明有一个合作的效果，他们的存在促进更高的交通量到附近的地方相同类型。
In recent decades, the world has experienced rates of urban growth unparalleled in any other period of history and this growth is shaping the environment in which an increasing proportion of us live. In this paper, we use a longitudinal dataset from Foursquare, a location-based social network, to analyse urban growth across 100 major cities worldwide. Initially, we explore how urban growth differs in cities across the world. We show that there exists a strong spatial correlation, with nearby pairs of cities more likely to share similar growth profiles than remote pairs of cities. Subsequently, we investigate how growth varies inside cities and demonstrate that, given the existing local density of places, higher-than-expected growth is highly localized while lower-than-expected growth is more diffuse. Finally, we attempt to use the dataset to characterize competition between new and existing venues. By defining a measure based on the change in throughput of a venue before and after the opening of a new nearby venue, we demonstrate which venue types have a positive effect on venues of the same type and which have a negative effect. For example, our analysis confirms the hypothesis that there is large degree of competition between bookstores, in the sense that existing bookstores normally experience a notable drop in footfall after a new bookstore opens nearby. Other place types, such as museums, are shown to have a cooperative effect and their presence fosters higher traffic volumes to nearby places of the same type.