Responses of rainwater conservation, precipitation-use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize to a furrow-planting and straw-mulching system in northern China
Responses of rainwater conservation, precipitation-use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize to a furrow-planting and straw-mulching system in northern China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.014
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Tong-chao Wang;Li Wei;Hexin Wang;Shou-chen Ma;B. Ma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tong-chao Wang;Li Wei;Hexin Wang;Shou-chen Ma;B. Ma
在中国北方雨养地区，玉米（Zea mays L.）是主要的田间作物，因为它非常适应高温和明亮的阳光。然而，在生长季节的缺水环境中，降雨量低且多变以及蒸散率高是常见的，而且降雨事件往往与关键生长阶段不匹配，导致产量不稳定。本研究连续两年（2005-2006 年和 2006-2007 年）冬小麦和夏玉米双季种植，对沟播秸秆覆盖系统与传统平播系统的表现进行了比较。试验的4个处理分别为：常规平播（F）、垄间沟播（B）、麦秆覆盖平播（FS）、麦秆覆盖垄间沟播（BS）。测量每年整个生长季的土壤含水量和叶面积指数（LAI），并确定谷物产量和降水利用效率（PUEY）。平均而言，与常规平耕相比，垄耕结合沟播玉米产量增加430kgha−1（7.3%），PUEY增加10.7%（1.5kgha−1mm−1）；沟播结合秸秆覆盖分别提高了产量 16.9% 和 PUEY 19.4%。从拔节到成熟，BS系统的LAI值显着高于F系统（2006年为55.6％比26.1％，2007年为81.4％比21.7％）。我们的数据表明，在季节性平均降雨量低于480毫米的情况下，采用秸秆覆盖垄沟种植的玉米生产效果最好，这与季节性土壤水分供应和作物需求更好的同步有关，从而提高了玉米产量和PUEY。
In the rain-fed areas of northern China, maize (Zea mays L.) is a main field crop, as it is well adapted to high temperatures and bright sunshine. However, low and variable rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates are common in water-limited environments during the growing season, and often mismatched rainfall events with the critical growth stages, making yield unstable. In this study, the performance of a furrow-planting and straw-mulching system was compared with the conventional flat-planting system in a double-crop culture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize for two consecutive years (2005–2006 and 2006–2007). The four tested treatments were: conventional flat planting (F), furrow planting between ridges (B), flat planting with wheat straw-mulching (FS), and furrow planting between ridges with wheat-straw mulch (BS). Soil water content and leaf area index (LAI) were measured throughout the growing season each year, and grain yield and precipitation-use efficiency (PUEY) were determined. On average, ridge tillage combined with furrow planting increased maize yield by 430kgha−1(7.3%) and PUEYby 10.7% (1.5kgha−1mm−1), compared with the conventional flat planting; furrow planting coupled with straw mulching increased yield by an additional 16.9% and PUEYby 19.4%, respectively. From jointing to maturity, LAI values of BS were significantly higher than those of F-system (55.6% vs. 26.1% in 2006 and 81.4% vs. 21.7% in 2007). Our data suggest that maize production adopted by furrow planting with straw-covered ridges performed best under seasonal average rainfall below 480mm, which was associated with better synchronization of seasonal soil water supply and crop needs, leading to improved maize yield and PUEY.