Phenotypic plasticity in opsin expression in a butterfly compound eye complements sex role reversal.
Phenotypic plasticity in opsin expression in a butterfly compound eye complements sex role reversal.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-12-232
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发表时间：
2012-11-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Monteiro A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everett A;Tong X;Briscoe AD;Monteiro A
动物通常在形态和行为上表现出表型可塑性，从而对波动的季节性环境产生明显的适应。 Bicyclus annana 蝴蝶有两种季节形态，湿的和干的，翅膀装饰的亮度以及最求爱和选择的性别的身份各不相同。饲养温度是产生这些替代季节性形式的线索。我们假设，除非有任何发育限制，否则挑剔的个体的视力应该会增强，但由于生理成本，不挑剔的个体的视力会减弱。作为视觉表现的指标，我们测量了两种季节性形式的雄性和雌性的眼睛大小、小面晶状体大小和对光的敏感性，例如所有视蛋白的表达水平。我们发现 B. anynana 眼睛在形态和视蛋白表达水平上都表现出显着的两性二态性和表型可塑性，但并非所有结果都符合我们的预测。在饲养温度下，雄性的眼睛比雌性的眼睛更大，并且温度的升高使雌性和雄性的眼睛都变大，这主要是通过晶面数量的增加来实现的。在挑剔的旱季 (DS) 雄性中，小眼较大，而在不太挑剔的 DS 雌性中，所有三种视蛋白的转录水平均显着较低。女性的视蛋白水平可塑性和男性的小眼大小可塑性支持了我们的视觉可塑性假设，但男性似乎在两个季节都保持了较高的视觉功能。我们在每个季节野外每种性别可能面临的不同性和自然选择压力的背景下讨论我们的结果。
Animals often display phenotypic plasticity in morphologies and behaviors that result in distinct adaptations to fluctuating seasonal environments. The butterfly Bicyclus anynana has two seasonal forms, wet and dry, that vary in wing ornament brightness and in the identity of the sex that performs the most courting and choosing. Rearing temperature is the cue for producing these alternative seasonal forms. We hypothesized that, barring any developmental constraints, vision should be enhanced in the choosy individuals but diminished in the non-choosy individuals due to physiological costs. As a proxy of visual performance we measured eye size, facet lens size, and sensitivity to light, e.g., the expression levels of all opsins, in males and females of both seasonal forms. We found that B. anynana eyes displayed significant sexual dimorphism and phenotypic plasticity for both morphology and opsin expression levels, but not all results conformed to our prediction. Males had larger eyes than females across rearing temperatures, and increases in temperature produced larger eyes in both sexes, mostly via increases in facet number. Ommatidia were larger in the choosy dry season (DS) males and transcript levels for all three opsins were significantly lower in the less choosy DS females. Opsin level plasticity in females, and ommatidia size plasticity in males supported our visual plasticity hypothesis but males appear to maintain high visual function across both seasons. We discuss our results in the context of distinct sexual and natural selection pressures that may be facing each sex in the wild in each season.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
HEINRICH, B
通讯作者：
HEINRICH, B
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Brakefield, PM;Gates, J;Carroll, SB
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通讯作者：
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