Gender Disparities in Awards to Neuroscience Researchers.
Gender Disparities in Awards to Neuroscience Researchers.
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DOI：
10.1037/arc0000069
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Valian, Virginia V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Melnikoff, David E;Valian, Virginia V
在学术界，女性获得的著名奖项少于男性。这种性别差距可能纯粹是结构性因素造成的（例如，在学术上花费的时间、机构声望和学术成绩方面的性别差异），或者来自结构和心理因素的组合（例如，性别图式）。为了检验这些相互竞争的预测，我们评估了学位年份、机构声望（博士学校声望和当前隶属关系的综合）、学术表现（总出版物、总引用次数和h指数）和性别对男性（N = 298）和女性（N = 134）学术神经科学家获得的奖项声望的独立贡献。奖项的声望是由一组独立的神经科学家决定的。在控制了机构声望、学位年限和总出版物之后，男性获得的奖项比女性多。但在控制了总引文量和h指数后，没有出现性别差异。中介分析显示，性别差异的奖励是介导的性别差异的总引用次数和h指数。还有一个相互作用，在总引用和h指数的性别差异是部分介导的奖项。这些结果指出了一个间接的途径，心理因素可能会造成性别差异的学术奖项：性别图式可能会导致女性的论文收到引用比男性的论文，导致更多的男性比女性享有盛誉的奖项。此外，我们的研究结果表明，奖项和引用的性别差异可能会相互加强。促进性别平等的学术奖励的实际影响进行了讨论。
Women in academia receive fewer prestigious awards than their male counterparts. This gender gap may emerge purely from structural factors (e.g., gender differences in time spent in academia, institutional prestige, and academic performance), or from a combination of structural and psychological factors (e.g., gender schemas). To test these competing predictions, we assessed the independent contribution of year of degree, institutional prestige (a composite of prestige of PhD school and current affiliation), academic performance (total publications, total cites, and h-index), and gender to the prestige of awards earned by male (N = 298) and female (N = 134) academic neuroscientists. Award prestige was determined by an independent set of neuroscientists. Men earned more prestigious awards than women after controlling for institutional prestige, year of degree, and total publications. But after controlling for total citations or h-index, no gender difference appeared. Mediation analyses revealed that the gender disparity in awards was mediated by a gender difference in total cites and h-index. There was a reciprocal effect as well, in that the gender disparity in total cites and h-index was partially mediated by awards. These results point to an indirect path by which psychological factors may create gender disparities in academic awards: gender schemas may lead to women's papers receiving fewer citations than men's papers, resulting in more prestigious awards for men than for women. Additionally, our results suggest that gender disparities in awards and citations may reinforce each other. Practical implications for promoting gender equality in academic awards are discussed.