RESILIENCE IN MALTREATED CHILDREN - PROCESSES LEADING TO ADAPTIVE OUTCOME
RESILIENCE IN MALTREATED CHILDREN - PROCESSES LEADING TO ADAPTIVE OUTCOME
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579400006209
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发表时间：
1993-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
HOLT, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CICCHETTI, D;ROGOSCH, FA;HOLT, KD
在参加夏令营项目的学龄儿童、弱势虐待儿童（N = 127）和非虐待儿童（N = 79）中，研究了适龄儿童在严重逆境下的适应力和能力功能的证据。多个适应领域（社会适应、学校困难风险、精神病理）从自我、同伴和营地辅导员的角度和学校记录进行评估。建立了适应功能的综合指数，并对能力水平进行了划分。人格维度和个人资源，包括认知成熟度、自尊、自我弹性和自我控制，是促进成功适应的个体差异的机制。与未受虐待的儿童相比，受虐待儿童作为一个群体表现出较低的整体能力。然而，受虐待儿童和未受虐待儿童的比例相等，表现出较高的能力水平，而受虐待儿童比未受虐待儿童表现出较低的能力水平。自我弹性、自我控制和自尊都能预测胜任功能的个体差异。证据表明，自我控制在促进受虐待儿童和未受虐待儿童能力方面的作用是不同的。研究结果讨论了在受虐儿童中产生弹性结果的机制，以及弹性研究在发展精神病理学领域的意义。
Evidence for resilience, competent functioning despite severe adversity, was investigated in school-age, disadvantaged maltreated (N = 127) and nonmaltreated (N = 79) children attending a summer camp program. Multiple areas of adaptation (social adjustment, risk for school difficulty, psychopathology) were assessed from self, peer, and camp counselor perspectives and school records. A composite index of adaptive functioning was developed, and levels of competence were delineated. Personality dimensions and personal resources, including cognitive maturity, self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and ego control, were evaluated as mechanisms promoting individual differences in successful adaptation. Maltreated children as a group evidenced lower overall competence when compared to nonmaltreated children, An equal proportion of maltreated and nonmaltreated children, however, demonstrated high levels of competence, whereas more maltreated children than nonmaltreated children evidenced low levels of competence. Ego-resiliency, ego-control, and self-esteem were each found to predict individual differences in competent functioning. Evidence for the differential role of ego-control in promoting competence for maltreated versus nonmaltreated children was found. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms contributing to resilient outcomes in maltreated children and the implications of the study of resilience for the field of developmental psychopathology.