Creative destruction in science
Creative destruction in science
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DOI：
10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Uhlmann, Eric Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tierney, Warren;Hardy, Jay H., III;Uhlmann, Eric Luis
借鉴资本主义经济中创造性破坏风暴的概念，我们认为，评估组织文献中发现的稳健性的举措应旨在同时测试在同一理论空间中运行的竞争思想。换句话说，复制工作不仅应该寻求支持或质疑最初的发现，而且还应该用经过修订的、更有力的、更具解释力的理论来取代它们。实现这一目标通常需要在研究设计中增加新的测量方法、条件和受试者群体，以便在直接复制原始发现的基础上对多种理论进行概念性测试。为了说明创造性破坏方法在组织学术理论修剪中的价值，我们描述了最近的复制计划，重新检查文化和工作道德，工作父母对日托选择的推理，以及招聘决策中的性别歧视。意义声明：越来越清楚的是，许多（如果不是大多数的话）跨科学领域发表的研究结果，在重复使用相同的方法时，是不容易复制的。虽然极具价值，但失败的重复实验有可能在理论上留下空白——降低了人们对最初理论预测是正确的信心，但却不能用积极的证据来取代它，从而支持另一种理论。我们介绍了复制的创造性破坏方法，它将管理领域的理论修剪方法与开放科学运动的新兴最佳实践相结合，目的是使复制尽可能地产生。实际上，我们提倡复制2.0运动，其中目标从检查过去发现的可靠性转变为积极参与竞争性理论测试和理论构建。科学透明度声明：本文的材料、代码和数据公开发布在开放科学框架上，文中提供了链接。
Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents' reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions.Significance statement: It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void-reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building.Scientific transparency statement: The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article.