Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study.
Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003
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发表时间：
2018-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Campbell WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Twenge JM;Campbell WK
此前关于儿童和青少年屏幕时间与心理健康之间关系的研究一直存在矛盾，导致一些研究人员质疑医生组织建议的屏幕时间限制。 2016 年，我们对美国 2 至 17 岁儿童和青少年进行了大规模（n=40,337）全国随机样本调查，其中包括对屏幕时间（包括手机、电脑、电子设备、电子游戏和电视）的综合测量以及一系列心理健康测量。每天使用 1 小时后，每天使用屏幕的时间越长，心理健康状况就越差，包括好奇心减少、自控力降低、注意力更加分散、交朋友更加困难、情绪稳定性较差、更难以照顾以及无法完成任务。在 14 至 17 岁的青少年中，经常使用屏幕（每天 7 小时以上 vs 每天 1 小时的低度使用者）的人被诊断患有抑郁症（RR 2.39，95% CI 1.54，3.70）、被诊断患有焦虑症（RR 2.26，CI 1.59，3.22）并接受心理健康专业人士治疗（RR 2.22，CI）的可能性是前者的两倍多。 1.62, 3.03) 或在过去 12 个月内因心理或行为问题服用药物 (RR 2.99, CI 1.94, 4.62)。适度使用屏幕（每天 4 小时）也与较低的心理健康状况相关。不使用屏幕和低度使用屏幕的人的幸福感通常没有差异。与年龄较小的儿童相比，青少年的屏幕时间与较低的心理健康状况之间的关联更大。 2 至 17 岁的孩子看屏幕的时间越长，幸福感就越低。使用次数多的人表现出好奇心、自控力和情绪稳定性较差。被诊断为焦虑或抑郁的屏幕高用户（与低用户）的人数是其两倍。非用户和低用户的幸福感没有差异。青少年与幸福感的关联比儿童更大。
Previous research on associations between screen time and psychological well-being among children and adolescents has been conflicting, leading some researchers to question the limits on screen time suggested by physician organizations. We examined a large (n = 40,337) national random sample of 2- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in the U.S. in 2016 that included comprehensive measures of screen time (including cell phones, computers, electronic devices, electronic games, and TV) and an array of psychological well-being measures. After 1 h/day of use, more hours of daily screen time were associated with lower psychological well-being, including less curiosity, lower self-control, more distractibility, more difficulty making friends, less emotional stability, being more difficult to care for, and inability to finish tasks. Among 14- to 17-year-olds, high users of screens (7+ h/day vs. low users of 1 h/day) were more than twice as likely to ever have been diagnosed with depression (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.54, 3.70), ever diagnosed with anxiety (RR 2.26, CI 1.59, 3.22), treated by a mental health professional (RR 2.22, CI 1.62, 3.03) or have taken medication for a psychological or behavioral issue (RR 2.99, CI 1.94, 4.62) in the last 12 months. Moderate use of screens (4 h/day) was also associated with lower psychological well-being. Non-users and low users of screens generally did not differ in well-being. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being were larger among adolescents than younger children. More hours of screen time are associated with lower well-being in ages 2 to 17. High users show less curiosity, self-control, and emotional stability. Twice as many high (vs. low) users of screens had an anxiety or depression diagnosis. Non-users and low users did not differ in well-being. Associations with well-being were larger for adolescents than for children.