Argumentation Schema and the Myside Bias in Written Argumentation
Argumentation Schema and the Myside Bias in Written Argumentation
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论证模式和书面论证中的我方偏见
DOI：
10.1177/0741088309333019
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
J. Butler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Wolfe;A. Britt;J. Butler
本文描述了一个书面论证的认知论证模式，并提出了三个实证研究的“我这边”的偏见，倾向于忽视或排除证据反对自己的立场。研究1考察了让步、反驳和否认他人信息的后果。反驳导致了更高的一致性和质量的评级和更好的印象，作者比当相同的论点排除其他方面的信息（即，显示myside偏倚）。在研究2中，索赔有显着更大的影响，协议评级和原因有显着更大的影响，质量评级。当参与者被告知支持另一方主张的我方理由时，他们会承认论点的力量，同时对协议做出相对较小的修改。在研究3中，作者发现，一个简短的，理论动机的书面辅导是有效的提高本科生的书面议论文，显着提高索赔的精度，改善的理由的阐述，并减少我的偏见。
This article describes a cognitive argumentation schema for written arguments and presents three empirical studies on the “myside” bias—the tendency to ignore or exclude evidence against one's position. Study 1 examined the consequences of conceding, rebutting, and denying other-side information. Rebuttal led to higher ratings of agreement and quality and better impressions of the author than when the same arguments excluded other-side information (i.e., exhibited the myside bias). In Study 2, claims had a significantly greater impact on agreement ratings and reasons had a significantly greater impact on quality ratings. When participants were given myside reasons supporting other-side claims, they acknowledged argument strength while making relatively minor changes in agreement. In Study 3, the authors found that a brief, theoretically motivated written tutorial was effective in improving undergraduate students' written argumentative essays by significantly increasing the precision of claims, improving the elaboration of reasons, and reducing the myside bias.