The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors
The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-53592-4.00003-7
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ruhm, Christopher J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cawley, John;Ruhm, Christopher J.
吸烟、饮酒、吸毒、无保护性行为、不良饮食和久坐生活方式（导致肥胖）等危险健康行为是可预防死亡的主要来源。本章概述了危险健康行为经济学的理论框架和实证证据。它描述了强调效用最大化的传统经济方法，在某些假设下，会导致帕累托最优结果和政策干预的有限作用。它还详细介绍了非传统模型（例如涉及双曲线时间贴现或有限理性），即使没有市场不完善，也可能导致次优结果，而政府干预更有可能增加社会福利。本章总结了有关危险健康行为对医疗费用、教育程度、就业、工资和犯罪等经济结果的影响的文献。它还回顾了有关可能改变危险健康行为的政策和战略的研究，例如税收或补贴、现金激励、购买和使用限制、提供信息和限制广告。本章最后提出了对未来研究的建议。
Risky health behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, drug use, unprotected sex, and poor diets and sedentary lifestyles (leading to obesity) are a major source of preventable deaths. This chapter overviews the theoretical frameworks for, and empirical evidence on, the economics of risky health behaviors. It describes traditional economic approaches emphasizing utility maximization that, under certain assumptions, result in Pareto-optimal outcomes and a limited role for policy interventions. It also details non-traditional models (e.g. involving hyperbolic time discounting or bounded rationality) that even without market imperfections can result in suboptimal outcomes for which government intervention has greater potential to increase social welfare. The chapter summarizes the literature on the consequences of risky health behaviors for economic outcomes such as medical care costs, educational attainment, employment, wages, and crime. It also reviews the research on policies and strategies with the potential to modify risky health behaviors, such as taxes or subsidies, cash incentives, restrictions on purchase and use, providing information, and restricting advertising. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.