IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP)
IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP)
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291710000991
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Baird, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charman, T.;Pickles, A.;Baird, G.
背景。自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）曾被认为与智力残疾高度相关，并呈现出一种典型的智商特征，在操作能力上优于语言能力，且在分测验层面呈现出独特的“高峰”和“低谷”模式。然而，流行病学研究的数据却很少。
方法。对156名10 - 14岁的儿童[平均（标准差）= 11.7（0.9）]进行了全面的临床评估，这是一项流行病学研究的一部分（81名儿童自闭症患者，75名其他自闭症谱系障碍患者）。通过样本加权程序，我们能够估算出整个自闭症谱系障碍人群的特征。
结果。在75名自闭症谱系障碍儿童中，55%有智力残疾（智商<85），但只有3%智力高于平均水平（智商>115）。有一些证据表明存在具有临床意义的操作智商/语言智商（PIQ/VIQ）差异，但语言能力与操作能力的差异并不像先前报道的那样与特定的症状模式相关。对于典型的分测验特征，证据不一：一些先前报道的模式得到了支持（例如，理解能力差），而其他模式则未得到支持（例如，积木设计没有“高峰”）。适应能力显著低于智商，且与早期社交障碍的严重程度以及智商相关。
结论。在这个流行病学样本中，自闭症谱系障碍与智力残疾的关联不如传统观点所认为的那样紧密，且只有有限的证据表明存在独特的智商特征。即使对于那些智力处于平均水平的儿童，适应能力结果也显著受损。
Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was once considered to be highly associated with intellectual disability and to show a characteristic IQ profile, with strengths in performance over verbal abilities and a distinctive pattern of 'peaks' and 'troughs' at the subtest level. However, there are few data from epidemiological studies.Method. Comprehensive clinical assessments were conducted with 156 children aged 10-14 years [mean (S.D.)=11.7 (0.9)], seen as part of an epidemiological study (81 childhood autism, 75 other ASD). A sample weighting procedure enabled us to estimate characteristics of the total ASD population.Results. Of the 75 children with ASD, 55% had an intellectual disability (IQ85) but only 3% were of above average intelligence (IQ>115). There was some evidence for a clinically significant Performance/Verbal IQ (PIQ/VIQ) discrepancy but discrepant verbal versus performance skills were not associated with a particular pattern of symptoms, as has been reported previously. There was mixed evidence of a characteristic subtest profile: whereas some previously reported patterns were supported (e.g. poor Comprehension), others were not (e.g. no 'peak' in Block Design). Adaptive skills were significantly lower than IQ and were associated with severity of early social impairment and also IQ.Conclusions. In this epidemiological sample, ASD was less strongly associated with intellectual disability than traditionally held and there was only limited evidence of a distinctive IQ profile. Adaptive outcome was significantly impaired even for those children of average intelligence.