THE ECOLOGY OF SEVERE MOORLAND FIRE ON THE NORTH YORK MOORS - EFFECTS OF THE 1976 FIRES, AND SUBSEQUENT SURFACE AND VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT
THE ECOLOGY OF SEVERE MOORLAND FIRE ON THE NORTH YORK MOORS - EFFECTS OF THE 1976 FIRES, AND SUBSEQUENT SURFACE AND VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT
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DOI：
10.2307/2261126
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发表时间：
1990-06-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
PROCTOR, MCF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MALTBY, E;LEGG, CJ;PROCTOR, MCF
1976年干燥的夏季结束时，严重的火灾摧毁了地表植被，造成600多公顷以卡卢纳植物为主的沼地的土壤和泥炭发生重大变化，该沼地位于北约克沼地中央高原海拔330-400米的罗斯戴尔沼地。大火深深地烧进了地毯式泥炭地，并在很大程度上摧毁了较薄的泥炭地，以及邻近的枯死腐殖质灰壤和灰化土的有机层，在最极端的情况下，将它们变成了一层灰烬。火灾导致泥炭和土壤表面发生了实质性的物理和化学变化，随后又通过风雨侵蚀和运输、淋滤和冻融过程进一步改变和分化。最初，完整的表面占燃烧面积的近10%，烧焦的泥炭占28%，主要是灰烬表面占35%，矿物和腐殖质表面占26%，石头和风化层占1%。场地和植被的发展可分为三个阶段：(i) 1976-79年的开拓阶段；（ii） 1979-82年的快速发展阶段；（iii） 1982年以后的巩固阶段。再定殖的早期阶段由苔藓植物的可变演替主导。在泥炭表面以紫角角龙为主，而在完整的泥炭表面则以异斑地鼠和波利亚鼠为主。随后是蓼属植物（Polytrichum sp .），在干旱地区占主导地位，在潮湿地区占主导地位，往往有更多的残余泥炭。总体而言，植被恢复缓慢且不完整。最大的区域现在被Polytrichum spp.的地毯占据（大部分在灰烬表面），或者仍然没有植被（主要在烧焦和颗粒状的泥炭上）。除了受火灾影响较小的矿物/腐殖质土壤的有限区域外，所有表面的Calluna都未能恢复。即使到了1984年，支持卡卢纳社区的网站也不到2%。不到6%的面积支持维管植物。65%的面积为以苔藓植物为主的群落，但近30%的面积仍以无植被为主。
At the end of the dry summer of 1976, severe fires destroyed the surface vegetation and caused major alterations of the underlying soils and peats of over 600 ha of Calluna-dominated moorland at Rosedale Moor, c. 330-400 m a.s.l. on the central plateau of the North York Moors. The fire burnt deeply into blanket peats, and largely destroyed thinner peats and the organic horizons of neighbouring stagnohumic gley and podzolic soils, reducing them, in the most extreme cases, to a layer of ash. Fires resulted in a substantial physical and chemical modification of the peat and soil surfaces, with subsequent further alteration and differentiation by rain and wind erosion and transport, leaching, and freeze-thaw processes. Initially the intact surface made up nearly 10% of the burnt area, charred peat 28%, predominantly ashed surfaces 35%, mineral and humic surfaces 26% and stone and regolith 1%. Site and vegetation development can be divided into three phases: (i) a pioneer phase, 1976-79, (ii) a phase of rapid development, 1979-82, and (iii) a consolidation phase, 1982 onwards. The early stages of recolonization have been dominated by a variable succession of bryophytes. Ceratodon purpureus was the main pioneer on ashed surfaces but Dicranella heteromalla and Pohlia nutans were dominant on intact peat surfaces. These have been succeeded by Polytrichum spp. with P. piliferum dominant on the drier sites and P. commune dominant in moister areas, often with more residual peat. In general, vegetation recovery has been slow and incomplete. The largest areas are now occupied by carpets of Polytrichum spp. (largely on ashed surfaces), or have remained unvegetated (mainly on charred and granular peat). Calluna has failed to recover over all surfaces except restricted areas of mineral/humic soil little affected by the fire. Even by 1984 less than 2% of the site supported Calluna-dominated communities. Less than 6% of the area supported vascular species. Sixty-five percent of the area was occupied by bryophyte-dominated communities but nearly 30% was still predominantly unvegetated.