Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae
Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae
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重新定义毛壳菌科中的 Humicola sensu stricto 和相关属
DOI：
10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
16.5
通讯作者：
Houbraken, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, X. W.;Yang, F. Y.;Houbraken, J.
腐质霉属的传统概念包括在菌丝侧面或末端或最低限度分化的分生孢子梗上产生色素、厚壁和单细胞孢子的物种。在该属中已经描述了50多个物种。物种通常出现在土壤，室内环境和堆肥栖息地。腐质霉属和形态相似的属的分类在现代术语中知之甚少。基于四位点系统发育，腐质霉属的形态概念被证明是多系的。腐质霉的类型为H. fuscoatra，属于毛壳科。在毛壳菌科中，产生腐质霉样厚壁孢子的物种分布在四个谱系中：严格意义上的腐质霉、Mycothermus、Staphylotrichum和Trichocladium。在我们修订的腐质霉概念中，无性繁殖和有性繁殖的物种都存在。重新定义的腐质霉包括24种（7个新的和13个新的组合），这是描述和说明在这项研究中。该属中的物种产生分生孢子，分生孢子位于菌丝上/菌丝中的侧面、中间或末端，并且分生孢子梗不形成或最小程度地发育（微线）。有性腐质霉属种的子囊孢子正面为柠檬形至四边形，两侧扁平，顶端具一个萌发孔。在葡萄孢属中有7个种被接受（4个新种，1个新组合）。葡萄孢属的厚壁分生孢子通常来自菌丝（微丝）或顶部分枝的刚毛状分生孢子梗（大丝）。以Staphylotrichum longicolanum（= Chaetomium longicolanum）为代表的有性形态产生长颈的子囊，由末端毛的融合基部组成，子囊孢子为宽的柠檬形至近球形，两侧扁平，顶端有一个芽孔。Trichocladium谱系在无性和有性结构上都具有高度的形态多样性。系统发育分析显示，在这个谱系的四个亚支。然而，这些分支在遗传上是密切相关的，并且没有明显的表型特征与它们中的任何一个相关联。毛枝霉属共有14个种，其中1个新种，12个新组合。模式种为Gilmaniella，G. humicola，属于多系科Lasiosphaeriaceae（Sordariales），而G. macrospora在遗传学上属于Trichocladium。嗜热菌属Mycothermus和模式种My。本文报道了嗜热菌Mycothermus，并描述了一新种Mycothermus。系统发育分析表明，另一个嗜热菌属Remersonia是Mycothermus的姐妹，已知有两个种，包括一个新种。疣状嗜热菌产生腐质霉样分生孢子，并根据系统发生亲和力转移到葡萄孢霉。本研究首次尝试对毛壳科的腐质霉属和类腐质霉属建立一个包容性的现代分类。需要更多的研究来确定毛壳科以外的“腐质霉”样物种的系统发育关系。
The traditional concept of the genus Humicola includes species that produce pigmented, thick-walled and single-celled spores laterally or terminally on hyphae or minimally differentiated conidiophores. More than 50 species have been described in the genus. Species commonly occur in soil, indoor environments, and compost habitats. The taxonomy of Humicola and morphologically similar genera is poorly understood in modern terms. Based on a four-locus phylogeny, the morphological concept of Humicola proved to be polyphyletic. The type of Humicola, H. fuscoatra, belongs to the Chaetomiaceae. In the Chaetomiaceae, species producing humicola-like thick-walled spores are distributed among four lineages: Humicola sensu stricto, Mycothermus, Staphylotrichum, and Trichocladium. In our revised concept of Humicola, asexual and sexually reproducing species both occur. The re-defined Humicola contains 24 species (seven new and thirteen new combinations), which are described and illustrated in this study. The species in this genus produce conidia that are lateral, intercalary or terminal on/in hyphae, and conidiophores are not formed or are minimally developed (micronematous). The ascospores of sexual Humicola species are limoniform to quadrangular in face view and bilaterally flattened with one apical germ pore. Seven species are accepted in Staphylotrichum (four new species, one new combination). Thick-walled conidia of Staphylotrichum species usually arise either from hyphae (micronematous) or from apically branched, seta-like conidiophores (macronematous). The sexual morph represented by Staphylotrichum longicolleum (= Chaetomium longicolleum) produces ascomata with long necks composed of a fused basal part of the terminal hairs, and ascospores that are broad limoniform to nearly globose, bilaterally flattened, with an apical germ pore. The Trichocladium lineage has a high morphological diversity in both asexual and sexual structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four subclades in this lineage. However, these subclades are genetically closely related, and no distinctive phenotypic characters are linked to any of them. Fourteen species are accepted in Trichocladium, including one new species, twelve new combinations. The type species of Gilmaniella, G. humicola, belongs to the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae (Sordariales), but G. macrospora phylogenetically belongs to Trichocladium. The thermophilic genus Mycothermus and the type species My. thermophilum are validated, and one new Mycothermus species is described. Phylogenetic analyses show that Remersonia, another thermophilic genus, is sister to Mycothermus and two species are known, including one new species. Thermomyces verrucosus produces humicola-like conidia and is transferred to Botryotrichum based on phylogenetic affinities. This study is a first attempt to establish an inclusive modern classification of Humicola and humicola-like genera of the Chaetomiaceae. More research is needed to determine the phylogenetic relationships of "humicola"-like species outside the Chaetomiaceae.