Microcircuits in Epilepsy: Heterogeneity and Hub Cells in Network Synchronization
Microcircuits in Epilepsy: Heterogeneity and Hub Cells in Network Synchronization
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a022855
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Soltesz, Ivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bui, Anh;Kim, Hannah K.;Soltesz, Ivan
癫痫是一种复杂的疾病，涉及神经系统的改变，导致自发性，复发性癫痫发作的病理发展。几十年来，癫痫发作被认为在很大程度上是重复性的，并且已经使用电生理记录在宏电路水平上进行了检查。然而，绘制大型神经元群体动力学的研究表明，癫痫发作不仅仅是重复性的超同步爆发。相反，越来越清楚的是，癫痫发作涉及不同神经元和回路的复杂相互作用。在此，我们将回顾研究可能导致网络超兴奋性的微电路变化的研究，讨论来自网络理论、计算建模和光遗传学的观察结果。我们将深入研究中枢细胞作为癫痫发作活动病理中心的想法，并将探索光遗传学作为靶向和治疗病理回路的新途径。最后，我们将讨论该领域的未来发展方向。
Epilepsy is a complex disorder involving neurological alterations that lead to the pathological development of spontaneous, recurrent seizures. For decades, seizures were thought to be largely repetitive, and had been examined at the macrocircuit level using electrophysiological recordings. However, research mapping the dynamics of large neuronal populations has revealed that seizures are not simply recurrent bursts of hypersynchrony. Instead, it is becoming clear that seizures involve a complex interplay of different neurons and circuits. Herein, we will review studies examining microcircuit changes that may underlie network hyperexcitability, discussing observations from network theory, computational modeling, and optogenetics. We will delve into the idea of hub cells as pathological centers for seizure activity, and will explore optogenetics as a novel avenue to target and treat pathological circuits. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion on future directions in the field.