Double insertions of extraocular rectus muscles in humans and the pulley theory
Double insertions of extraocular rectus muscles in humans and the pulley theory
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人类眼外直肌的双重插入和滑轮理论
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00383.x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
F. van der Werf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Ruskell;Inga‐Britt Kjellevold Haugen;J. R. Bruenech;F. van der Werf
最近的研究提出了直肌穿过位于眼睛赤道附近的结缔组织滑轮的概念，实际上，直肌是肌肉的起源。眼眶肌纤维（面向骨骼）终止于滑轮，允许独立于负责旋转眼睛的全局纤维调整其位置。滑轮（或肌袖）的结构和通过他们的肌肉纤维插入不清楚，并在这里提出了一个详细的描述连同审查的主动滑轮假说。从解剖室尸体和新鲜灌注固定的恒河猴和食蟹猴的完整眼眶内容物中取出包括单个肌肉全宽的节段，并制备用于光学显微镜检查。从树脂包埋的组织块和组装的蒙太奇中切割薄纵切片作为小平面。分别制备两个种属选定区域的间断连续切片和猴材料的连续切片，用于光学和电子显微镜检查。细长肌腱间隔离开直肌的眶表面，聚集并进入人类和猴子的袖套;不太常见的是，肌腱从全球表面进入袖套或直接插入眼球后筋膜。袖环的眶侧与地球仪的筋膜冠相连，其厚度是地球侧的5-6倍;袖环结构在四条直肌中不同。内直肌袖最厚，含有平滑肌，而其他直肌袖中很少或没有平滑肌。上级直肌袖结构多变，且相对较薄。在某些制备物中，肌肉与周围结缔组织呈赤道状分离，这与滑动能力一致，但在其他制备物中，特别是在猴材料中，组织是连续的。套筒及其钢筋束的结构组织，以及其他提出的因素，与单独调整套筒位置的设施不一致。研究结果支持袖状肌腱只有一个作用的理论，以对抗全球筋膜的粘弹性阻力-眼和袖状肌纤维一致行动。脆弱的袖状结构是否能满足滑轮的生理要求值得怀疑，但滑轮假说的准确性不能从肌肉和筋膜的结构关系的报告进行评估。
Recent studies have promoted the concept that rectus muscles pass through connective tissue pulleys located near the equator of the eye and act, in effect, as the muscle origins. Orbital muscle fibres (facing bone) terminate in pulleys, permitting adjustment of their position independent of the global fibres responsible for rotating the eye. The structure of pulleys (or muscle sleeves) and the passage taken by their muscle fibre insertions are unclear, and a detailed description is presented here together with a review of the active pulley hypothesis. Segments including the full width of single muscles were removed from the full orbital contents of dissection room cadavers and fresh perfusion‐fixed rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys and prepared for light microscopy. Thin longitudinal sections were cut as facets from resin‐embedded tissue blocks and montages assembled. Interrupted serial sections of selected regions of both species and ultrathin sections of monkey material were prepared for light and electron microscopy, respectively. Slender tendons leave the orbital surface of rectus muscles at intervals, aggregating and entering sleeves in humans and monkey; less frequently, tendons pass from the global surface to sleeves or insert directly in the posterior fascia bulbi. The orbital sides of sleeve rings are continuous with the fascial canopy of the globe and are 5–6 times as thick as the global sides; sleeve structure differs in the four recti. Medial rectus sleeves are the thickest, and contain smooth muscle, whereas little or none is present in the other rectus sleeves. Superior rectus sleeves are variable in structure and relatively insubstantial. A narrow interval separates muscles from the surrounding connective tissue equatorially in some preparations, consistent with a capacity to slide, but the tissues are contiguous in others, especially in monkey material. The structural organization of sleeves and their tendons, together with other presented factors, is inconsistent with a facility for the separate adjustment of sleeve position. The results favour the theory that sleeve tendons have just one role, to counter the viscoelastic resistance of global fascia – ocular and sleeve muscle fibres acting in unison. Whether the fragile sleeve structure can meet the physical demands of pulleys is questionable; but otherwise the veracity of the pulley hypothesis cannot be assessed from the structural relations of muscles and fascia bulbi reported.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Demer,JL;Miller,JM;Poukens,V;Vinters,HV;Glasgow,BJ
通讯作者：
Glasgow,BJ
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
R. Clark;Joel Miller;J. Demer
通讯作者：
R. Clark;Joel Miller;J. Demer
人类内直肌眼外肌滑轮的结构与功能相关性。
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Porter,JD;Poukens,V;Baker,RS;Demer,JL
通讯作者：
Demer,JL
啮齿类动物眼外直肌滑轮的证据。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Khanna,S;Porter,JD
通讯作者：
Porter,JD
有或没有外直肌滑轮的刺激引起的眼球运动。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00622.2003
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
Journal of neurophysiology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dimitrova,DianaM;Shall,MaryS;Goldberg,StephenJ
通讯作者：
Goldberg,StephenJ