Layer-by-Layer Encapsulation of Probiotics for Delivery to the Microbiome.
Layer-by-Layer Encapsulation of Probiotics for Delivery to the Microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201603270
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jaklenec A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anselmo AC;McHugh KJ;Webster J;Langer R;Jaklenec A
生物学和微生物学的最新发现突显了胃肠道(GI)微生物组在调节人类健康和疾病中的重要性。[1]因此，益生菌的输送影响和调节微生物组的组成，可能潜在地影响一些人类疾病的治疗。[2]不幸的是，口服给药过程中遇到的生物学挑战限制了许多益生菌输送技术的转化。我们报告了一种逐层包裹益生菌的方法，通过保护益生菌免受胃肠道损伤，同时促进肠道表面的粘附性和直接生长，直接应对这些挑战。已经确定，胃肠道中的细菌组成在许多疾病的发生和发展中起着关键作用，包括癌症、[1a]肥胖、[4]糖尿病、[5]艰难梭菌、[6]和[7]抑郁症。[1B]考虑到个人胃肠道微生物组的多样性[8]以及饮食环境的差异，[9]药物用法(如抗生素)、[10]和其他因素[11]极大地影响微生物群的组成和随后的疾病进展，将益生菌物种引入微生物群组的方法和技术引起了人们的极大兴趣。[2A]然而，益生菌引入技术面临着口服给药的挑战，这些挑战是：(I)基于化学的，例如能够灭活益生菌的酸性胃病和胆盐，[12]和(Ii)基于物理的，例如限制益生菌在肠道上保留的快速GI转运时间，从而防止益生菌的粘连和生长。已经开发了许多技术，如纳米颗粒、[13]药丸、[14]聚合物凝胶、[15]肠溶包衣、[16]和[17]贴片，以防止酸或酶的化学降解并促进粘附性，以确保药物的吸收和受控释放，从而应对这些挑战。虽然这些方法已经成功地改善了许多小分子和一些生物制品的口服给药，但由于它们的大小和生存/生长要求，很少有人能解决向微生物组运送活益生菌的具体挑战。
Recent discoveries in biology and microbiology have highlighted the importance of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in regulating human health and disease.[1] Thus, the delivery of probiotics to influence and modulate microbiome compositions can potentially impact the treatment of a number of human diseases.[2] Unfortunately, biological challenges encountered during oral delivery have limited the translation of many probiotic-delivering technologies.[3] Here, we report a layer-by-layer (LbL) method for the encapsulation of probiotics to directly address these challenges by protecting probiotics from GI tract insults while facilitating both mucoadhesion and direct growth on intestinal surfaces.It has been established that the bacterial composition in the GI tract plays an essential role in the development and progression of a number of disorders, including cancer,[1a] obesity,[4] diabetes,[5] Clostridium difficile,[6] and depression,[7] among others.[1b] Given the diversity of an individual’s GI microbiome [8] and how environmental differences in diet,[9] medication usage (eg, antibiotics),[10] and other factors [11] dramatically influence microbiome composition and subsequently disease progression, approaches, and technologies to introduce probiotic species into the microbiome are of pronounced interest.[2a] However, probiotic-introducing technologies face oral delivery challenges that are:(i) chemical-based, such as acidic stomach conditions and bile salts which are capable of deactivating probiotics,[12] and (ii) physical-based, such as rapid GI transit times that limit retention of probiotics on intestines, thus preventing the adhesion and growth of probiotics. A number of technologies such as nanoparticles,[13] pills,[14] polymer gels,[15] enteric coatings,[16] and patches [17] have been developed to address these challenges by preventing chemical degradation by acid or enzymes and facilitating mucoadhesion to ensure drug absorption and controlled release. While these approaches have been successful in improving the oral delivery of many small molecules and some biologics, few can address the specific challenges of delivering live-probiotics to the microbiome, due to their large size and viability/growth requirements.[18]