Employment suburbanization in the 21st century: A comparison of German and US city regions
Employment suburbanization in the 21st century: A comparison of German and US city regions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cities.2020.102802
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Bastian Heider;S. Siedentop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastian Heider;S. Siedentop
关于城市空间结构及其演化的实证研究还缺乏全面、纵向和国际比较的视角。在此背景下，本文以2003-2015年间德国和美国两个相对较大且具有代表性的城市区域为样本，研究了大城市内部就业模式的变化。我们的分析显示，两国在就业空间分布上存在很大差异。总体而言，美国大都市区远比德国大都市区更加分散和分散。虽然美国大都市就业郊区化的轨迹相对动态，经历了分散和重新集中的时期，但德国城市地区的发展趋势一直非常稳定。此外，我们发现两国的空间轨迹存在较大的区域间差异，包括停滞、强化的单中心性和普遍的分散性共存。然而，多中心开发相对较少。最后，我们通过估计线性回归模型检验了就业郊区化的潜在驱动因素。结果表明，就业郊区化主要可以理解为住宅郊区化和制造业发展的函数，但我们发现美国和德国的情况存在很大差异。
The empirical research on urban spatial structure and its evolution still lacks comprehensive, longitudinal and international comparative perspectives. At this background, this paper addresses the change of intra-metropolitan employment patterns by scrutinizing two relatively large and representative samples of German and US American city regions, covering the years between 2003 and 2015. Our analysis reveals strong differences in the spatial employment distribution between both countries. In general, US metropolitan areas are far more decentralized and deconcentrated than their German counterparts. While the trajectories of American metropolitan employment suburbanization were relatively dynamic with periods of de- and re-concentration, the development trend for German city regions has been remarkably stable. Furthermore, we found a relatively great inter-regional variety of spatial trajectories in both countries, involving the coexistence of stagnation, reinforced monocentricity, and generalized dispersal. However, polycentric developments have been relatively rare. Last but not least, we examine the potential drivers of employment suburbanization by estimating linear regression models. The results indicate that employment suburbanization can be mainly understood as a function of residential suburbanization and the development of the manufacturing sector, but we find strong differences between the US and the German context.