The #Occupy Movement: An Introduction
The #Occupy Movement: An Introduction
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DOI：
10.1111/tsq.12026
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Micah L. Sifry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Gamson;Micah L. Sifry
占领运动广泛使用了一整套用户生成的社交媒体和社交网络，包括Twitter、Facebook、YouTube、Tumblr、Livestream和其他平台。这些工具和平台的广泛使用在哪些方面成为运动的力量，积极的方面是否取决于任何特定的先决条件？社交媒体的广泛使用在哪些方面包含了陷阱，占领运动在多大程度上避免或陷入了陷阱？关于“点击主义”何时成为“懒汉主义”的辩论，这里是否有更多的一般性教训可以吸取？如果没有用户生成和非企业拥有的媒体，占领运动就不太可能获得牵引力。最初的行动呼吁来自加拿大另类杂志《广告克星》;在祖科蒂公园被占领的最初几周，主流媒体对最初的抗议活动几乎没有报道。只有在第一批城市表明他们的占领正在进行，警察的反应引起了进一步的关注，主流媒体的报道才开始。数据分析师“numeroteca”的可视化显示，与运动参与者在Twitter上分享的自发报道相比，报纸头版对早期占领运动的报道是多么少（见http：//numeroteca.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/occupy-27a.png）。克莉丝汀·施韦德勒、巴勃罗·雷·马兹翁、萨巴·瓦希德和萨沙·科斯坦萨-乔克对5000多份参与者的调查问卷进行了更深入的研究，分析结果显示，运动积极分子的主要信息来源依次是：（1）口头传播;（2）占领运动网站;（3）Facebook;（4）电子邮件;（5）YouTube（见http：numeroteca.org/2012/08/18/visualization-of-usage-of-different-types-of-sources-for-
The Occupy movement has made extensive use of a whole panoply of user-generated social media and social networking, including Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr, Livestream, and other platforms. In what ways has the widespread use of these tools and platforms been a strength of the movement, and do the positive aspects depend on any particular set of prior conditions? In what ways has the widespread use of social media contained pitfalls, and to what extent have they been avoided or fallen into by the Occupy movement? Are there more general lessons to be learned here for the debate on when “clicktivism” becomes “slacktivism”? Without user-generated and noncorporate-owned media, it is unlikely that the Occupy movement might have ever gotten traction. The original call to action came from the Canadian alternative magazine Adbusters; and in the first weeks of the occupation of Zuccotti Park, there was very little mainstream media coverage of the initial protests. It was only after the first cities showed that their occupations were ongoing, and police reactions drew further attention, that mainstream media coverage took off. A visualization by the data analyst “numeroteca” shows how little front-page newspaper coverage there was of the early Occupy movement compared with self-generated coverage shared on Twitter by movement participants (see http://numeroteca.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/occupy-27a.png). More in-depth research by Christine Schweidler, Pablo Rey Mazón, Saba Waheed, and Sasha Costanza-Chock analyzing more than 5000 survey responses from participants shows that the top sources of information for movement activists were, in order, (1) word-of-mouth, (2) Occupy movement Web sites, (3) Facebook, (4) e-mail, and (5) YouTube (see http:// numeroteca.org/2012/08/18/visualization-of-usage-of-different-types-of-sources-for-