Shigella: A Highly Virulent and Elusive Pathogen.
Shigella: A Highly Virulent and Elusive Pathogen.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40475-014-0019-6
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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尽管志贺氏菌相关死亡率显著下降，但志贺氏菌病继续在全世界，特别是在亚洲和非洲造成重大疾病负担。志贺氏菌是一种高致病力的病原体，由四个主要物种组成，具有许多亚型。志贺菌和福氏志贺菌感染主要发生在资源有限的环境中。临床表现从轻微的水样腹泻到严重的痢疾，伴有全身性并发症，如电解质失衡、癫痫发作和溶血性尿毒综合征。S.滋贺毒素的产生者--志贺菌1型引起最严重的疾病和最高的死亡率。敏感的志贺氏菌菌株可以有效地治疗廉价的口服抗生素，如氨苄西林或甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑。不幸的是，多重耐药菌株的出现，使大多数抗生素，包括氟喹诺酮类和广谱头孢菌素，无效。志贺氏菌病的管理和预防是一项重大的公共卫生挑战。迫切需要开发有效的疫苗，以减少其全球影响。
Despite a significant decrease in Shigella-related mortality, shigellosis continues to carry a significant burden of disease worldwide, particularly in Asia and Africa. Shigella is a highly virulent pathogen comprised of four major species with numerous subtypes. Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri infections are predominant in resource-limited settings. Clinical presentations range from mild watery diarrhea to severe dysentery with systemic complications such as electrolyte imbalance, seizures and hemolytic uremic syndrome. S. dysenteriae subtype 1, the producer of Shiga toxin, causes the most severe illness and highest mortality. Susceptible strains of Shigella may be effectively treated with inexpensive oral antibiotics such as ampicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Unfortunately, multidrug resistant strains have emerged that have rendered most antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, ineffective. Management and prevention of shigellosis represents a major public health challenge. The development of an effective vaccine is urgently needed to decrease its global impact.