Happiness is greater in natural environments
Happiness is greater in natural environments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.010
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Mourato, Susana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacKerron, George;Mourato, Susana
幸福和环境因素之间的联系在心理学，健康，保护，经济学和更广泛的领域越来越感兴趣。有有限的证据表明，绿色或自然环境对身心健康和福祉是积极的。我们提出了一个新的和独特的初步研究，探讨瞬间主观幸福感（SWB）和个人的直接环境之间的关系在英国。我们开发并应用了一种创新的数据收集工具：一款智能手机应用程序，它可以在随机时刻向参与者发出信号，在使用卫星定位（GPS）确定地理坐标的同时提供一份简短的调查问卷。我们用它收集了来自20，000多名参与者的100多万份回复。将GPS响应位置与客观空间数据相关联，我们估计一个模型，该模型将土地覆盖与SWB仅使用个体内变化，同时控制天气，日光，活动，陪伴，位置类型，时间，日期和任何响应趋势。平均而言，研究参与者在所有绿色或自然栖息地类型的户外比在城市环境中更快乐。这些研究结果是强大的一些替代模型和模型规格。这项研究为自然与幸福感之间的联系提供了一系列新的证据，强化了SWB与日常生活中接触绿色或自然环境之间存在正相关关系的现有证据。我们的研究结果已经通知英国国家生态系统评估（NEA），我们描述的新的地理定位经验采样方法具有很大的潜力，在一系列感兴趣的领域提供新的见解政策制定者。(C)2013由Elsevier Ltd.出版
Links between wellbeing and environmental factors are of growing interest in psychology, health, conservation, economics, and more widely. There is limited evidence that green or natural environments are positive for physical and mental health and wellbeing. We present a new and unique primary research study exploring the relationship between momentary subjective wellbeing (SWB) and individuals' immediate environment within the UK. We developed and applied an innovative data collection tool: a smartphone app that signals participants at random moments, presenting a brief questionnaire while using satellite positioning (GPS) to determine geographical coordinates. We used this to collect over one million responses from more than 20,000 participants. Associating GPS response locations with objective spatial data, we estimate a model relating land cover to SWB using only the within-individual variation, while controlling for weather, daylight, activity, companionship, location type, time, day, and any response trend. On average, study participants are significantly and substantially happier outdoors in all green or natural habitat types than they are in urban environments. These findings are robust to a number of alternative models and model specifications. This study provides a new line of evidence on links between nature and wellbeing, strengthening existing evidence of a positive relationship between SWB and exposure to green or natural environments in daily life. Our results have informed the UK National Ecosystem Assessment (NEA), and the novel geo-located experience sampling methodology we describe has great potential to provide new insights in a range of areas of interest to policymakers. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.