The National Longitudinal Study of Young Life Scientists: Career differentiation among a diverse group of biomedical PhD students
The National Longitudinal Study of Young Life Scientists: Career differentiation among a diverse group of biomedical PhD students
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0234259
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发表时间：
2020-06-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McGee, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood, Christine V.;Jones, Remi F.;McGee, Richard
各行各业都需要年轻的生物医学博士科学家。最近的许多努力都集中在修订培训方法上，以帮助他们选择不同的职业并为之做准备。然而，人们对生物医学博士生如何决定和选择职业知之甚少，这限制了新培养模式的发展。这一知识差距也严重限制了提高妇女和一些种族/族裔群体在学术研究职业中的代表性的努力。之前的研究使用了对职业兴趣和评级的横断面调查，并没有设计来确定职业意图。他们还受到一次性数据和反应偏差的限制，通常要求参与者叙述过去几年做出的决定。这份报告采用了从博士开始到毕业期间对147名生物医学博士生进行的年度深入采访。定性内容分析方法被用来充分了解科学发展和职业意图随着时间的推移。纵向分析显示，随着时间的推移，职业意图的流动性和复杂性达到了惊人的水平。与之前的研究和占主导地位的叙述相反，数据并没有显示出学术职业的普遍转变。除了那些从一开始就坚持这一意图的学生之外，转向研究性学术职业的学生几乎与离开他们的学生一样多，性别和种族/民族之间只存在轻微的差异。因此，占主导地位的叙述忽略了在培训期间获得或维持其追求学术研究事业的意图的人的很高比例。增加学术界多样性的努力必须利用和支持那些仍在考虑并朝着学术事业发展的人。修订研究培训的努力应该包括关于职业分化何时发生以及如何发生的巨大流动性的知识。
Young biomedical PhD scientists are needed in a wide variety of careers. Many recent efforts have been focused on revising training approaches to help them choose and prepare for different careers. However, very little is known about how biomedical PhD students decide on and "differentiate" into careers, which limits the development of new training models. This knowledge gap also severely limits efforts to increase the representation of women and some racial/ethnic groups in academic research careers. Previous studies have used cross-sectional surveys of career interests and ratings, and have not been designed to identify career intentions. They also are limited by single-time data and response bias, having typically asked participants to recount decisions made years in the past. This report draws on annual, in-depth interviews with 147 biomedical PhD students from the start of the PhD to graduation. Qualitative content analysis methods were used to fully understand scientific development and career intentions over time. Longitudinal analysis reveals a striking level of fluidity and complexity in career intentions over time. Contrary to previous studies and the dominant narrative, data do not show generalized shifts away from academic careers. In addition to those who are consistent in this intention from the start, nearly as many students shift toward research academic careers as away from them, and only modest differences exist by gender and race/ethnicity. Thus, the dominant narrative misses the high fraction of individuals who acquire or sustain their intention to purse an academic research career during training. Efforts to increase diversity in academia must capitalize on and support those who are still considering and evolve toward an academic career. Efforts to revise research training should incorporate knowledge of the tremendous fluidity in when and how career differentiation occurs.