How do y-chromosomes modulate genome-wide epigenetic States: genome folding, chromatin sinks, and gene expression.
How do y-chromosomes modulate genome-wide epigenetic States: genome folding, chromatin sinks, and gene expression.
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DOI：
10.7150/jgen.8043
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lemos B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Francisco FO;Lemos B
黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）和马拟果蝇（d.s simulans）的Y染色体只包含少数与精子活力和生殖适应性相关的蛋白质编码基因。尽管蛋白质编码多态性低或缺失，果蝇Y染色体与自然表型变异有关，包括位于常染色体和X染色体上的数百至数千个基因的表达变异。存在于大块异染色质中的多态性，由卫星DNA和转座因子序列的数量和种类的差异组成，可能是这种调制的来源。在此，我们回顾了证据并讨论了Y染色体中重复元件的整体表观遗传调控机制。我们还讨论了这种新功能的发现如何影响当前对Y染色体起源，其当前动态和未来命运的认识。
The Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans contain only a handful of protein-coding genes, which are related to sperm mobility and reproductive fitness. Despite low or absent protein coding polymorphism, the Drosophila Y chromosome has been associated with natural phenotypic variation, including variation in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes located on autosomes and on the X chromosome. Polymorphisms present in the large blocks of heterochromatin and consisting of differences in the amounts and kinds of sequences for satellite DNA and transposable elements may be the source of this modulation. Here we review the evidence and discuss mechanisms for global epigenetic regulation by repetitious elements in the Y chromosome. We also discuss how the discovery of this new function impacts the current knowledge about Y chromosome origin, its current dynamics, and future fate.