NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Exposure to Space Radiation and Risk of Lens Opacity
NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Exposure to Space Radiation and Risk of Lens Opacity
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DOI：
10.1667/rr1580.1
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Cucinotta, Francis A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chylack, Leo T., Jr.;Peterson, Leif E.;Cucinotta, Francis A.
NASA 宇航员白内障研究 (NASCA) 是一项为期 5 年的纵向研究，旨在研究太空辐射暴露对核、皮质和后囊下 (PSC) 晶状体混浊的严重程度/进展的影响。在这里，我们报告将在纵向研究过程中使用的基线数据。参与者包括 171 名至少执行过一次太空飞行任务的同意宇航员和一个由三部分组成的对照组：(a) 53 名未在太空飞行过的宇航员，(b) 95 名军事机组人员，(c) 99 名非机组人员地面比较对象。核、皮质和 PSC 晶状体混浊的连续测量源自 Nidek EAS 1000 数字化图像。在基线时测量年龄、人口统计、一般健康状况、营养摄入和日光暴露。使用基于人口特征和按性别和吸烟（曾经/从未）分层的病史的倾向评分，将至少执行过一次任务的宇航员与比较对象进行匹配。通过拟合定制的非正态回归模型来分析匹配受试者的横截面数据，以检查空间辐射对每个不透明度测量的影响。暴露的宇航员的皮质白内障的变异性和中位数显着高于未暴露的宇航员和年龄相似的比较受试者（P = 0.015）。银河宇宙空间辐射（GCR）可能与 PSC 面积（P = 0.056）和 PSC 中心数量（P = 0.095）的增加有关。在宇航员组中，空间辐射剂量较高的受试者的 PSC 大小更大（P = 0.016）。没有发现空间辐射与核性白内障之间存在关联。横断面数据分析揭示了空间辐射对皮质白内障以及可能对 PSC 白内障的轻微有害影响。这些结果表明，与之前报道的相比，辐射剂量较小时，白内障风险会增加。 (C) 2009 年放射线研究会
The NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA) is a 5-year longitudinal study of the effect of space radiation exposure on the severity/progression of nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens opacities. Here we report on baseline data that will be used over the course of the longitudinal study. Participants include 171 consenting astronauts who flew at least one mission in space and a comparison group made up of three components: (a) 53 astronauts who had not flown in space, (b) 95 military aircrew personnel, and (c) 99 non-aircrew ground-based comparison subjects. Continuous measures of nuclear, cortical and PSC lens opacities were derived from Nidek EAS 1000 digitized images. Age, demographics, general health, nutritional intake and solar ocular exposure were measured at baseline. Astronauts who flew at least one mission were matched to comparison subjects using propensity scores based on demographic characteristics and medical history stratified by gender and smoking (ever/never). The cross-sectional data for matched subjects were analyzed by fitting customized non-normal regression models to examine the effect of space radiation on each measure of opacity. The variability and median of cortical cataracts were significantly higher for exposed astronauts than for nonexposed astronauts and comparison subjects with similar ages (P = 0.015). Galactic cosmic space radiation (GCR) may be linked to increased PSC area (P = 0.056) and the number of PSC centers (P = 0.095). Within the astronaut group, PSC size was greater in subjects with higher space radiation doses (P = 0.016). No association was found between space radiation and nuclear cataracts. Cross-sectional data analysis revealed a small deleterious effect of space radiation for cortical cataracts and possibly for PSC cataracts. These results suggest increased cataract risks at smaller radiation doses than have been reported previously. (C) 2009 by Radiation Research Society